## Julian and Gregorian Calendars¶ ↑

The difference between the Julian calendar and the Gregorian calendar may matter to your program if it uses dates before the switchovers.

- October 15, 1582.

- September 14, 1752.

A date will be different in the two calendars, in general.

### Different switchover dates¶ ↑

The reasons for the difference are religious/political histories.

- On October 15, 1582, several countries changed from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar; these included Italy, Poland, Portugal, and Spain. Other countries in the Western world retained the Julian calendar.

- On September 14, 1752, most of the British empire changed from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar.

When your code uses a date before these switchover dates, it will matter whether it considers the switchover date to be the earlier date or the later date (or neither).

See also a concrete example here.

### Argument `start`¶ ↑

Certain methods in class Date handle differences in the Julian and Gregorian calendars by accepting an optional argument `start`, whose value may be:

- Date::ITALY (the default): the created date is Julian if before October 15, 1582, Gregorian otherwise:

      d = Date.new(1582, 10, 15)
      d.prev_day.julian? # => true
      d.julian?          # => false
      d.gregorian?       # => true

- Date::ENGLAND: the created date is Julian if before September 14, 1752, Gregorian otherwise:

      d = Date.new(1752, 9, 14, Date::ENGLAND)
      d.prev_day.julian? # => true
      d.julian?          # => false
      d.gregorian?       # => true

- Date::JULIAN: the created date is Julian regardless of its value:

      d = Date.new(1582, 10, 15, Date::JULIAN)
      d.julian? # => true

- Date::GREGORIAN: the created date is Gregorian regardless of its value:

      d = Date.new(1752, 9, 14, Date::GREGORIAN)
      d.prev_day.gregorian? # => true