# class Time

`Time` is an abstraction of dates and times. `Time` is stored internally as the number of seconds with subsecond since the Epoch, 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC.

The `Time` class treats GMT (Greenwich Mean `Time`) and UTC (Coordinated Universal `Time`) as equivalent. GMT is the older way of referring to these baseline times but persists in the names of calls on POSIX systems.

All times may have subsecond. Be aware of this fact when comparing times with each other – times that are apparently equal when displayed may be different when compared. (Since Ruby 2.7.0, `Time#inspect` shows subsecond but `Time#to_s` still doesn't show subsecond.)

Since Ruby 1.9.2, `Time` implementation uses a signed 63 bit integer, Bignum or `Rational`. The integer is a number of nanoseconds since the Epoch which can represent 1823-11-12 to 2116-02-20. When Bignum or `Rational` is used (before 1823, after 2116, under nanosecond), `Time` works slower as when integer is used.

# Examples¶ ↑

All of these examples were done using the EST timezone which is GMT-5.

## Creating a new `Time` instance¶ ↑

You can create a new instance of `Time` with `Time.new`. This will use the current system time. `Time.now` is an alias for this. You can also pass parts of the time to `Time.new` such as year, month, minute, etc. When you want to construct a time this way you must pass at least a year. If you pass the year with nothing else time will default to January 1 of that year at 00:00:00 with the current system timezone. Here are some examples:

    Time.new(2002)         #=> 2002-01-01 00:00:00 -0500
    Time.new(2002, 10)     #=> 2002-10-01 00:00:00 -0500
    Time.new(2002, 10, 31) #=> 2002-10-31 00:00:00 -0500

You can pass a UTC offset:

    Time.new(2002, 10, 31, 2, 2, 2, "+02:00") #=> 2002-10-31 02:02:02 +0200

Or a timezone object:

    tz = timezone("Europe/Athens") # Eastern European Time, UTC+2
    Time.new(2002, 10, 31, 2, 2, 2, tz) #=> 2002-10-31 02:02:02 +0200

You can also use `Time.local` and `Time.utc` to infer local and UTC timezones instead of using the current system setting.

You can also create a new time using `Time.at` which takes the number of seconds (with subsecond) since the Unix Epoch.

    Time.at(628232400) #=> 1989-11-28 00:00:00 -0500

## Working with an instance of `Time`¶ ↑

Once you have an instance of `Time` there is a multitude of things you can do with it. Below are some examples. For all of the following examples, we will work on the assumption that you have done the following:

    t = Time.new(1993, 02, 24, 12, 0, 0, "+09:00")

Was that a monday?

    t.monday? #=> false

What year was that again?

    t.year #=> 1993

Was it daylight savings at the time?

    t.dst? #=> false

What's the day a year later?

    t + (60*60*24*365) #=> 1994-02-24 12:00:00 +0900

How many seconds was that since the Unix Epoch?

    t.to_i #=> 730522800

You can also do standard functions like compare two times.

    t1 = Time.new(2010)
    t2 = Time.new(2011)

    t1 == t2 #=> false
    t1 == t1 #=> true
    t1 <  t2 #=> true
    t1 >  t2 #=> false

    Time.new(2010,10,31).between?(t1, t2) #=> true

## Timezone argument¶ ↑

A timezone argument must have `local_to_utc` and `utc_to_local` methods, and may have `name`, `abbr`, and `dst?` methods.

The `local_to_utc` method should convert a Time-like object from the timezone to UTC, and `utc_to_local` is the opposite. The result also should be a `Time` or Time-like object (not necessary to be the same class). The `zone` of the result is just ignored. Time-like argument to these methods is similar to a `Time` object in UTC without subsecond; it has attribute readers for the parts, e.g. `year`, `month`, and so on, and epoch time readers, `to_i`. The subsecond attributes are fixed as 0, and `utc_offset`, `zone`, `isdst`, and their aliases are same as a `Time` object in UTC. Also `to_time`, `+`, and `-` methods are defined.

The `name` method is used for marshaling. If this method is not defined on a timezone object, `Time` objects using that timezone object can not be dumped by `Marshal`.

The `abbr` method is used by '%Z' in `strftime`.

The `dst?` method is called with a `Time` value and should return whether the `Time` value is in daylight savings time in the zone.

### Auto conversion to Timezone¶ ↑

At loading marshaled data, a timezone name will be converted to a timezone object by `find_timezone` class method, if the method is defined.

Similarly, that class method will be called when a timezone argument does not have the necessary methods mentioned above.

### Public Class Methods

at(time) → time click to toggle source
at(seconds_with_frac) → time
at(seconds, microseconds_with_frac) → time
at(seconds, milliseconds, :millisecond) → time
at(seconds, microseconds, :usec) → time
at(seconds, microseconds, :microsecond) → time
at(seconds, nanoseconds, :nsec) → time
at(seconds, nanoseconds, :nanosecond) → time
at(time, in: tz) → time
at(seconds_with_frac, in: tz) → time
at(seconds, microseconds_with_frac, in: tz) → time
at(seconds, milliseconds, :millisecond, in: tz) → time
at(seconds, microseconds, :usec, in: tz) → time
at(seconds, microseconds, :microsecond, in: tz) → time
at(seconds, nanoseconds, :nsec, in: tz) → time
at(seconds, nanoseconds, :nanosecond, in: tz) → time

Creates a new `Time` object with the value given by `time`, the given number of `seconds_with_frac`, or `seconds` and `microseconds_with_frac` since the Epoch. `seconds_with_frac` and `microseconds_with_frac` can be an `Integer`, `Float`, `Rational`, or other `Numeric`.

If `in` argument is given, the result is in that timezone or UTC offset, or if a numeric argument is given, the result is in local time. The `in` argument accepts the same types of arguments as `tz` argument of `Time.new`: string, number of seconds, or a timezone object.

    Time.at(0)                                #=> 1969-12-31 18:00:00 -0600
    Time.at(Time.at(0))                       #=> 1969-12-31 18:00:00 -0600
    Time.at(946702800)                        #=> 1999-12-31 23:00:00 -0600
    Time.at(-284061600)                       #=> 1960-12-31 00:00:00 -0600
    Time.at(946684800.2).usec                 #=> 200000
    Time.at(946684800, 123456.789).nsec       #=> 123456789
    Time.at(946684800, 123456789, :nsec).nsec #=> 123456789

    Time.at(1582721899, in: "+09:00")         #=> 2020-02-26 21:58:19 +0900
    Time.at(1582721899, in: "UTC")            #=> 2020-02-26 12:58:19 UTC
    Time.at(1582721899, in: "C")              #=> 2020-02-26 13:58:19 +0300
    Time.at(1582721899, in: 32400)            #=> 2020-02-26 21:58:19 +0900

    require 'tzinfo'
    Time.at(1582721899, in: TZInfo::Timezone.get('Europe/Kiev'))
                                              #=> 2020-02-26 14:58:19 +0200

    static VALUE
    time_s_at(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
    {
        VALUE time, t, unit = Qundef, zone = Qundef, opts;
        VALUE vals[TMOPT_MAX_];
        wideval_t timew;

        argc = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "12:", &time, &t, &unit, &opts);
        if (get_tmopt(opts, vals)) {
            zone = vals[0];
        }
        if (argc >= 2) {
            int scale = argc == 3 ? get_scale(unit) : 1000000;
            time = num_exact(time);
            t = num_exact(t);
            timew = wadd(rb_time_magnify(v2w(time)), wmulquoll(v2w(t), TIME_SCALE, scale));
            t = time_new_timew(klass, timew);
        }
        else if (IsTimeval(time)) {
            struct time_object *tobj, *tobj2;
            GetTimeval(time, tobj);
            t = time_new_timew(klass, tobj->timew);
            GetTimeval(t, tobj2);
            TZMODE_COPY(tobj2, tobj);
        }
        else {
            timew = rb_time_magnify(v2w(num_exact(time)));
            t = time_new_timew(klass, timew);
        }
        if (zone != Qundef) {
            time_zonelocal(t, zone);
        }

        return t;
    }

utc(year) → time click to toggle source
utc(year, month) → time
utc(year, month, day) → time
utc(year, month, day, hour) → time
utc(year, month, day, hour, min) → time
utc(year, month, day, hour, min, sec_with_frac) → time
utc(year, month, day, hour, min, sec, usec_with_frac) → time
utc(sec, min, hour, day, month, year, dummy, dummy, dummy, dummy) → time
gm(year) → time
gm(year, month) → time
gm(year, month, day) → time
gm(year, month, day, hour) → time
gm(year, month, day, hour, min) → time
gm(year, month, day, hour, min, sec_with_frac) → time
gm(year, month, day, hour, min, sec, usec_with_frac) → time
gm(sec, min, hour, day, month, year, dummy, dummy, dummy, dummy) → time

Creates a `Time` object based on given values, interpreted as UTC (GMT). The year must be specified. Other values default to the minimum value for that field (and may be `nil` or omitted). Months may be specified by numbers from 1 to 12, or by the three-letter `English` month names. Hours are specified on a 24-hour clock (0..23). Raises an `ArgumentError` if any values are out of range. Will also accept ten arguments in the order output by `Time#to_a`.

`sec_with_frac` and `usec_with_frac` can have a fractional part.

    Time.utc(2000,"jan",1,20,15,1)  #=> 2000-01-01 20:15:01 UTC
    Time.gm(2000,"jan",1,20,15,1)   #=> 2000-01-01 20:15:01 UTC

    static VALUE
    time_s_mkutc(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
    {
        struct vtm vtm;

        time_arg(argc, argv, &vtm);
        return time_gmtime(time_new_timew(klass, timegmw(&vtm)));
    }

httpdate(date) click to toggle source

Parses `date` as an HTTP-date defined by RFC 2616 and converts it to a `Time` object.

`ArgumentError` is raised if `date` is not compliant with RFC 2616 or if the `Time` class cannot represent specified date.

See `httpdate` for more information on this format.

    require 'time'

    Time.httpdate("Thu, 06 Oct 2011 02:26:12 GMT")
    #=> 2011-10-06 02:26:12 UTC

You must require 'time' to use this method.

    # File lib/time.rb, line 560
    def httpdate(date)
      if date.match?(/\A\s*
          (?:Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun),\x20
          (\d{2})\x20
          (Jan|Feb|Mar|Apr|May|Jun|Jul|Aug|Sep|Oct|Nov|Dec)\x20
          (\d{4})\x20
          (\d{2}):(\d{2}):(\d{2})\x20
          GMT
          \s*\z/ix)
        self.rfc2822(date).utc
      elsif /\A\s*
             (?:Monday|Tuesday|Wednesday|Thursday|Friday|Saturday|Sunday),\x20
             (\d\d)-(Jan|Feb|Mar|Apr|May|Jun|Jul|Aug|Sep|Oct|Nov|Dec)-(\d\d)\x20
             (\d\d):(\d\d):(\d\d)\x20
             GMT
             \s*\z/ix =~ date
        year = $3.to_i
        if year < 50
          year += 2000
        else
          year += 1900
        end
        self.utc(year, $2, $1.to_i, $4.to_i, $5.to_i, $6.to_i)
      elsif /\A\s*
             (?:Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun)\x20
             (Jan|Feb|Mar|Apr|May|Jun|Jul|Aug|Sep|Oct|Nov|Dec)\x20
             (\d\d|\x20\d)\x20
             (\d\d):(\d\d):(\d\d)\x20
             (\d{4})
             \s*\z/ix =~ date
        self.utc($6.to_i, MonthValue[$1.upcase], $2.to_i,
                 $3.to_i, $4.to_i, $5.to_i)
      else
        raise ArgumentError.new("not RFC 2616 compliant date: #{date.inspect}")
      end
    end

iso8601(time)
Alias for: xmlschema
json_create(object) click to toggle source

Deserializes `JSON` string by converting time since epoch to `Time`

    # File ext/json/lib/json/add/time.rb, line 9
    def self.json_create(object)
      if usec = object.delete('u') # used to be tv_usec -> tv_nsec
        object['n'] = usec * 1000
      end
      if method_defined?(:tv_nsec)
        at(object['s'], Rational(object['n'], 1000))
      else
        at(object['s'], object['n'] / 1000)
      end
    end

local(year) → time click to toggle source
local(year, month) → time
local(year, month, day) → time
local(year, month, day, hour) → time
local(year, month, day, hour, min) → time
local(year, month, day, hour, min, sec_with_frac) → time
local(year, month, day, hour, min, sec, usec_with_frac) → time
local(sec, min, hour, day, month, year, dummy, dummy, isdst, dummy) → time
mktime(year) → time
mktime(year, month) → time
mktime(year, month, day) → time
mktime(year, month, day, hour) → time
mktime(year, month, day, hour, min) → time
mktime(year, month, day, hour, min, sec_with_frac) → time
mktime(year, month, day, hour, min, sec, usec_with_frac) → time
mktime(sec, min, hour, day, month, year, dummy, dummy, isdst, dummy) → time

Same as `Time.utc`, but interprets the values in the local time zone.

    Time.local(2000,"jan",1,20,15,1)   #=> 2000-01-01 20:15:01 -0600

    static VALUE
    time_s_mktime(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
    {
        struct vtm vtm;

        time_arg(argc, argv, &vtm);
        return time_localtime(time_new_timew(klass, timelocalw(&vtm)));
    }

local(year) → time click to toggle source
local(year, month) → time
local(year, month, day) → time
local(year, month, day, hour) → time
local(year, month, day, hour, min) → time
local(year, month, day, hour, min, sec_with_frac) → time
local(year, month, day, hour, min, sec, usec_with_frac) → time
local(sec, min, hour, day, month, year, dummy, dummy, isdst, dummy) → time
mktime(year) → time
mktime(year, month) → time
mktime(year, month, day) → time
mktime(year, month, day, hour) → time
mktime(year, month, day, hour, min) → time
mktime(year, month, day, hour, min, sec_with_frac) → time
mktime(year, month, day, hour, min, sec, usec_with_frac) → time
mktime(sec, min, hour, day, month, year, dummy, dummy, isdst, dummy) → time

Same as `Time.utc`, but interprets the values in the local time zone.

    Time.local(2000,"jan",1,20,15,1)   #=> 2000-01-01 20:15:01 -0600

    static VALUE
    time_s_mktime(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
    {
        struct vtm vtm;

        time_arg(argc, argv, &vtm);
        return time_localtime(time_new_timew(klass, timelocalw(&vtm)));
    }

new → time click to toggle source
new(year, month=nil, day=nil, hour=nil, min=nil, sec=nil, tz=nil) → time

Returns a `Time` object.

It is initialized to the current system time if no argument is given.

Note: The new object will use the resolution available on your system clock, and may include subsecond.

If one or more arguments are specified, the time is initialized to the specified time.

`sec` may have subsecond if it is a rational.

`tz` specifies the timezone. It can be an offset from UTC, given either as a string such as “+09:00” or a single letter “A”..“Z” excluding “J” (so-called military time zone), or as a number of seconds such as 32400. Or it can be a timezone object, see Timezone argument for details.

    a = Time.new      #=> 2020-07-21 01:27:44.917547285 +0900
    b = Time.new      #=> 2020-07-21 01:27:44.917617713 +0900
    a == b            #=> false
    "%.6f" % a.to_f   #=> "1595262464.917547"
    "%.6f" % b.to_f   #=> "1595262464.917618"

    Time.new(2008,6,21, 13,30,0, "+09:00") #=> 2008-06-21 13:30:00 +0900

    # A trip for RubyConf 2007
    t1 = Time.new(2007,11,1,15,25,0, "+09:00") # JST (Narita)
    t2 = Time.new(2007,11,1,12, 5,0, "-05:00") # CDT (Minneapolis)
    t3 = Time.new(2007,11,1,13,25,0, "-05:00") # CDT (Minneapolis)
    t4 = Time.new(2007,11,1,16,53,0, "-04:00") # EDT (Charlotte)
    t5 = Time.new(2007,11,5, 9,24,0, "-05:00") # EST (Charlotte)
    t6 = Time.new(2007,11,5,11,21,0, "-05:00") # EST (Detroit)
    t7 = Time.new(2007,11,5,13,45,0, "-05:00") # EST (Detroit)
    t8 = Time.new(2007,11,6,17,10,0, "+09:00") # JST (Narita)
    (t2-t1)/3600.0                             #=> 10.666666666666666
    (t4-t3)/3600.0                             #=> 2.466666666666667
    (t6-t5)/3600.0                             #=> 1.95
    (t8-t7)/3600.0                             #=> 13.416666666666666

    static VALUE
    time_init(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE time)
    {
        if (argc == 0)
            return time_init_0(time);
        else
            return time_init_1(argc, argv, time);
    }

now → time click to toggle source

Creates a new `Time` object for the current time. This is same as `Time.new` without arguments.

    Time.now            #=> 2009-06-24 12:39:54 +0900

    static VALUE
    time_s_now(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
    {
        VALUE vals[TMOPT_MAX_], opts, t, zone = Qundef;
        rb_scan_args(argc, argv, ":", &opts);
        if (get_tmopt(opts, vals)) zone = vals[TMOPT_IN];
        t = rb_class_new_instance(0, NULL, klass);
        if (zone != Qundef) {
            time_zonelocal(t, zone);
        }
        return t;
    }

parse(date, now=self.now) { |year| ... } click to toggle source

Takes a string representation of a `Time` and attempts to parse it using a heuristic.

This method **does not** function as a validator. If the input string does not match valid formats strictly, you may get a cryptic result. Should consider to use `Time.strptime` instead of this method as possible.

    require 'time'

    Time.parse("2010-10-31") #=> 2010-10-31 00:00:00 -0500

Any missing pieces of the date are inferred based on the current date.

    require 'time'

    # assuming the current date is "2011-10-31"
    Time.parse("12:00") #=> 2011-10-31 12:00:00 -0500

We can change the date used to infer our missing elements by passing a second object that responds to `mon`, `day` and `year`, such as `Date`, `Time` or `DateTime`. We can also use our own object.

    require 'time'

    class MyDate
      attr_reader :mon, :day, :year

      def initialize(mon, day, year)
        @mon, @day, @year = mon, day, year
      end
    end

    d  = Date.parse("2010-10-28")
    t  = Time.parse("2010-10-29")
    dt = DateTime.parse("2010-10-30")
    md = MyDate.new(10,31,2010)

    Time.parse("12:00", d)  #=> 2010-10-28 12:00:00 -0500
    Time.parse("12:00", t)  #=> 2010-10-29 12:00:00 -0500
    Time.parse("12:00", dt) #=> 2010-10-30 12:00:00 -0500
    Time.parse("12:00", md) #=> 2010-10-31 12:00:00 -0500

If a block is given, the year described in `date` is converted by the block. This is specifically designed for handling two digit years. For example, if you wanted to treat all two digit years prior to 70 as the year 2000+ you could write this:

    require 'time'

    Time.parse("01-10-31") {|year| year + (year < 70 ? 2000 : 1900)}
    #=> 2001-10-31 00:00:00 -0500
    Time.parse("70-10-31") {|year| year + (year < 70 ? 2000 : 1900)}
    #=> 1970-10-31 00:00:00 -0500

If the upper components of the given time are broken or missing, they are supplied with those of `now`. For the lower components, the minimum values (1 or 0) are assumed if broken or missing. For example:

    require 'time'

    # Suppose it is "Thu Nov 29 14:33:20 2001" now and
    # your time zone is EST which is GMT-5.
    now = Time.parse("Thu Nov 29 14:33:20 2001")
    Time.parse("16:30", now)     #=> 2001-11-29 16:30:00 -0500
    Time.parse("7/23", now)      #=> 2001-07-23 00:00:00 -0500
    Time.parse("Aug 31", now)    #=> 2001-08-31 00:00:00 -0500
    Time.parse("Aug 2000", now)  #=> 2000-08-01 00:00:00 -0500

Since there are numerous conflicts among locally defined time zone abbreviations all over the world, this method is not intended to understand all of them. For example, the abbreviation “CST” is used variously as:

    -06:00 in America/Chicago,
    -05:00 in America/Havana,
    +08:00 in Asia/Harbin,
    +09:30 in Australia/Darwin,
    +10:30 in Australia/Adelaide,
    etc.

Based on this fact, this method only understands the time zone abbreviations described in RFC 822 and the system time zone, in the order named. (i.e. a definition in RFC 822 overrides the system time zone definition.) The system time zone is taken from `Time.local(year, 1, 1).zone` and `Time.local(year, 7, 1).zone`. If the extracted time zone abbreviation does not match any of them, it is ignored and the given time is regarded as a local time.

`ArgumentError` is raised if `Date`._parse cannot extract information from `date` or if the `Time` class cannot represent specified date.

This method can be used as a fail-safe for other parsing methods as:

    Time.rfc2822(date) rescue Time.parse(date)
    Time.httpdate(date) rescue Time.parse(date)
    Time.xmlschema(date) rescue Time.parse(date)

A failure of `Time.parse` should be checked, though.

You must require 'time' to use this method.

    # File lib/time.rb, line 375
    def parse(date, now=self.now)
      comp = !block_given?
      d = Date._parse(date, comp)
      year = d[:year]
      year = yield(year) if year && !comp
      make_time(date, year, d[:yday], d[:mon], d[:mday], d[:hour], d[:min], d[:sec], d[:sec_fraction], d[:zone], now)
    end

rfc2822(date) click to toggle source

Parses `date` as date-time defined by RFC 2822 and converts it to a `Time` object. The format is identical to the date format defined by RFC 822 and updated by RFC 1123.

`ArgumentError` is raised if `date` is not compliant with RFC 2822 or if the `Time` class cannot represent specified date.

See `rfc2822` for more information on this format.

    require 'time'

    Time.rfc2822("Wed, 05 Oct 2011 22:26:12 -0400")
    #=> 2010-10-05 22:26:12 -0400

You must require 'time' to use this method.

    # File lib/time.rb, line 502
    def rfc2822(date)
      if /\A\s*
          (?:(?:Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun)\s*,\s*)?
          (\d{1,2})\s+
          (Jan|Feb|Mar|Apr|May|Jun|Jul|Aug|Sep|Oct|Nov|Dec)\s+
          (\d{2,})\s+
          (\d{2})\s*
          :\s*(\d{2})\s*
          (?::\s*(\d{2}))?\s+
          ([+-]\d{4}|
           UT|GMT|EST|EDT|CST|CDT|MST|MDT|PST|PDT|[A-IK-Z])/ix =~ date
        # Since RFC 2822 permit comments, the regexp has no right anchor.
        day = $1.to_i
        mon = MonthValue[$2.upcase]
        year = $3.to_i
        short_year_p = $3.length <= 3
        hour = $4.to_i
        min = $5.to_i
        sec = $6 ? $6.to_i : 0
        zone = $7

        if short_year_p
          # following year completion is compliant with RFC 2822.
          year = if year < 50
                   2000 + year
                 else
                   1900 + year
                 end
        end

        off = zone_offset(zone)
        year, mon, day, hour, min, sec =
          apply_offset(year, mon, day, hour, min, sec, off)
        t = self.utc(year, mon, day, hour, min, sec)
        force_zone!(t, zone, off)
        t
      else
        raise ArgumentError.new("not RFC 2822 compliant date: #{date.inspect}")
      end
    end

Also aliased as: rfc822
rfc822(date)
Alias for: rfc2822
strptime(date, format, now=self.now) { |year| ... } click to toggle source

Works similar to `parse` except that instead of using a heuristic to detect the format of the input string, you provide a second argument that describes the format of the string.

If a block is given, the year described in `date` is converted by the block. For example:

    Time.strptime(...) {|y| y < 100 ? (y >= 69 ? y + 1900 : y + 2000) : y}

Below is a list of the formatting options:

%a

  The abbreviated weekday name (“Sun”)

%A

  The full weekday name (“Sunday”)

%b

  The abbreviated month name (“Jan”)

%B

  The full month name (“January”)

%c

  The preferred local date and time representation

%C

  Century (20 in 2009)

%d

  Day of the month (01..31)

%D

  `Date` (%m/%d/%y)

%e

  Day of the month, blank-padded ( 1..31)

%F

  Equivalent to %Y-%m-%d (the ISO 8601 date format)

%g

  The last two digits of the commercial year

%G

  The week-based year according to ISO-8601 (week 1 starts on Monday and includes January 4)

%h

  Equivalent to %b

%H

  Hour of the day, 24-hour clock (00..23)

%I

  Hour of the day, 12-hour clock (01..12)

%j

  Day of the year (001..366)

%k

  hour, 24-hour clock, blank-padded ( 0..23)

%l

  hour, 12-hour clock, blank-padded ( 0..12)

%L

  Millisecond of the second (000..999)

%m

  Month of the year (01..12)

%M

  Minute of the hour (00..59)

%n

  Newline (n)

%N

  Fractional seconds digits

%p

  Meridian indicator (“AM” or “PM”)

%P

  Meridian indicator (“am” or “pm”)

%r

  time, 12-hour (same as %I:%M:%S %p)

%R

  time, 24-hour (%H:%M)

%s

  Number of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC.

%S

  Second of the minute (00..60)

%t

  Tab character (t)

%T

  time, 24-hour (%H:%M:%S)

%u

  Day of the week as a decimal, Monday being 1. (1..7)

%U

  Week number of the current year, starting with the first Sunday as the first day of the first week (00..53)

%v

  VMS date (%e-%b-%Y)

%V

  Week number of year according to ISO 8601 (01..53)

%W

  Week number of the current year, starting with the first Monday as the first day of the first week (00..53)

%w

  Day of the week (Sunday is 0, 0..6)

%x

  Preferred representation for the date alone, no time

%X

  Preferred representation for the time alone, no date

%y

  Year without a century (00..99)

%Y

  Year which may include century, if provided

%z

  `Time` zone as hour offset from UTC (e.g. +0900)

%Z

  `Time` zone name

%%

  Literal “%” character

%+

  date(1) (%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Z %Y)

    require 'time'

    Time.strptime("2000-10-31", "%Y-%m-%d") #=> 2000-10-31 00:00:00 -0500

You must require 'time' to use this method.

    # File lib/time.rb, line 450
    def strptime(date, format, now=self.now)
      d = Date._strptime(date, format)
      raise ArgumentError, "invalid date or strptime format - `#{date}' `#{format}'" unless d
      if seconds = d[:seconds]
        if sec_fraction = d[:sec_fraction]
          usec = sec_fraction * 1000000
          usec *= -1 if seconds < 0
        else
          usec = 0
        end
        t = Time.at(seconds, usec)
        if zone = d[:zone]
          force_zone!(t, zone)
        end
      else
        year = d[:year]
        year = yield(year) if year && block_given?
        yday = d[:yday]
        if (d[:cwyear] && !year) || ((d[:cwday] || d[:cweek]) && !(d[:mon] && d[:mday]))
          # make_time doesn't deal with cwyear/cwday/cweek
          return Date.strptime(date, format).to_time
        end
        if (d[:wnum0] || d[:wnum1]) && !yday && !(d[:mon] && d[:mday])
          yday = Date.strptime(date, format).yday
        end
        t = make_time(date, year, yday, d[:mon], d[:mday], d[:hour], d[:min], d[:sec], d[:sec_fraction], d[:zone], now)
      end
      t
    end

utc(year) → time click to toggle source
utc(year, month) → time
utc(year, month, day) → time
utc(year, month, day, hour) → time
utc(year, month, day, hour, min) → time
utc(year, month, day, hour, min, sec_with_frac) → time
utc(year, month, day, hour, min, sec, usec_with_frac) → time
utc(sec, min, hour, day, month, year, dummy, dummy, dummy, dummy) → time
gm(year) → time
gm(year, month) → time
gm(year, month, day) → time
gm(year, month, day, hour) → time
gm(year, month, day, hour, min) → time
gm(year, month, day, hour, min, sec_with_frac) → time
gm(year, month, day, hour, min, sec, usec_with_frac) → time
gm(sec, min, hour, day, month, year, dummy, dummy, dummy, dummy) → time

Creates a `Time` object based on given values, interpreted as UTC (GMT). The year must be specified. Other values default to the minimum value for that field (and may be `nil` or omitted). Months may be specified by numbers from 1 to 12, or by the three-letter `English` month names. Hours are specified on a 24-hour clock (0..23). Raises an `ArgumentError` if any values are out of range. Will also accept ten arguments in the order output by `Time#to_a`.

`sec_with_frac` and `usec_with_frac` can have a fractional part.

    Time.utc(2000,"jan",1,20,15,1)  #=> 2000-01-01 20:15:01 UTC
    Time.gm(2000,"jan",1,20,15,1)   #=> 2000-01-01 20:15:01 UTC

    static VALUE
    time_s_mkutc(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
    {
        struct vtm vtm;

        time_arg(argc, argv, &vtm);
        return time_gmtime(time_new_timew(klass, timegmw(&vtm)));
    }

xmlschema(time) click to toggle source

Parses `time` as a dateTime defined by the XML Schema and converts it to a `Time` object. The format is a restricted version of the format defined by ISO 8601.

`ArgumentError` is raised if `time` is not compliant with the format or if the `Time` class cannot represent the specified time.

See `xmlschema` for more information on this format.

    require 'time'

    Time.xmlschema("2011-10-05T22:26:12-04:00")
    #=> 2011-10-05 22:26:12-04:00

You must require 'time' to use this method.

    # File lib/time.rb, line 614
    def xmlschema(time)
      if /\A\s*
          (-?\d+)-(\d\d)-(\d\d)
          T
          (\d\d):(\d\d):(\d\d)
          (\.\d+)?
          (Z|[+-]\d\d(?::?\d\d)?)?
          \s*\z/ix =~ time
        year = $1.to_i
        mon = $2.to_i
        day = $3.to_i
        hour = $4.to_i
        min = $5.to_i
        sec = $6.to_i
        usec = 0
        if $7
          usec = Rational($7) * 1000000
        end
        if $8
          zone = $8
          off = zone_offset(zone)
          year, mon, day, hour, min, sec =
            apply_offset(year, mon, day, hour, min, sec, off)
          t = self.utc(year, mon, day, hour, min, sec, usec)
          force_zone!(t, zone, off)
          t
        else
          self.local(year, mon, day, hour, min, sec, usec)
        end
      else
        raise ArgumentError.new("invalid xmlschema format: #{time.inspect}")
      end
    end

Also aliased as: iso8601
zone_offset(zone, year=self.now.year) click to toggle source

Return the number of seconds the specified time zone differs from UTC.

`Numeric` time zones that include minutes, such as `-10:00` or `+1330` will work, as will simpler hour-only time zones like `-10` or `+13`.

Textual time zones listed in ZoneOffset are also supported.

If the time zone does not match any of the above, `zone_offset` will check if the local time zone (both with and without potential Daylight Saving Time changes being in effect) matches `zone`. Specifying a value for `year` will change the year used to find the local time zone.

If `zone_offset` is unable to determine the offset, nil will be returned.

    require 'time'

    Time.zone_offset("EST") #=> -18000

You must require 'time' to use this method.

    # File lib/time.rb, line 78
    def zone_offset(zone, year=self.now.year)
      off = nil
      zone = zone.upcase
      if /\A([+-])(\d\d)(:?)(\d\d)(?:\3(\d\d))?\z/ =~ zone
        off = ($1 == '-' ? -1 : 1) * (($2.to_i * 60 + $4.to_i) * 60 + $5.to_i)
      elsif zone.match?(/\A[+-]\d\d\z/)
        off = zone.to_i * 3600
      elsif ZoneOffset.include?(zone)
        off = ZoneOffset[zone] * 3600
      elsif ((t = self.local(year, 1, 1)).zone.upcase == zone rescue false)
        off = t.utc_offset
      elsif ((t = self.local(year, 7, 1)).zone.upcase == zone rescue false)
        off = t.utc_offset
      end
      off
    end

### Private Class Methods

apply_offset(year, mon, day, hour, min, sec, off) click to toggle source

    # File lib/time.rb, line 148
    def apply_offset(year, mon, day, hour, min, sec, off)
      if off < 0
        off = -off
        off, o = off.divmod(60)
        if o != 0 then sec += o; o, sec = sec.divmod(60); off += o end
        off, o = off.divmod(60)
        if o != 0 then min += o; o, min = min.divmod(60); off += o end
        off, o = off.divmod(24)
        if o != 0 then hour += o; o, hour = hour.divmod(24); off += o end
        if off != 0
          day += off
          days = month_days(year, mon)
          if days and days < day
            mon += 1
            if 12 < mon
              mon = 1
              year += 1
            end
            day = 1
          end
        end
      elsif 0 < off
        off, o = off.divmod(60)
        if o != 0 then sec -= o; o, sec = sec.divmod(60); off -= o end
        off, o = off.divmod(60)
        if o != 0 then min -= o; o, min = min.divmod(60); off -= o end
        off, o = off.divmod(24)
        if o != 0 then hour -= o; o, hour = hour.divmod(24); off -= o end
        if off != 0 then
          day -= off
          if day < 1
            mon -= 1
            if mon < 1
              year -= 1
              mon = 12
            end
            day = month_days(year, mon)
          end
        end
      end
      return year, mon, day, hour, min, sec
    end

force_zone!(t, zone, offset=nil) click to toggle source

    # File lib/time.rb, line 119
    def force_zone!(t, zone, offset=nil)
      if zone_utc?(zone)
        t.utc
      elsif offset ||= zone_offset(zone)
        # Prefer the local timezone over the fixed offset timezone because
        # the former is a real timezone and latter is an artificial timezone.
        t.localtime
        if t.utc_offset != offset
          # Use the fixed offset timezone only if the local timezone cannot
          # represent the given offset.
          t.localtime(offset)
        end
      else
        t.localtime
      end
    end

make_time(date, year, yday, mon, day, hour, min, sec, sec_fraction, zone, now) click to toggle source

    # File lib/time.rb, line 192
    def make_time(date, year, yday, mon, day, hour, min, sec, sec_fraction, zone, now)
      if !year && !yday && !mon && !day && !hour && !min && !sec && !sec_fraction
        raise ArgumentError, "no time information in #{date.inspect}"
      end

      off = nil
      if year || now
        off_year = year || now.year
        off = zone_offset(zone, off_year) if zone
      end

      if yday
        unless (1..366) === yday
          raise ArgumentError, "yday #{yday} out of range"
        end
        mon, day = (yday-1).divmod(31)
        mon += 1
        day += 1
        t = make_time(date, year, nil, mon, day, hour, min, sec, sec_fraction, zone, now)
        diff = yday - t.yday
        return t if diff.zero?
        day += diff
        if day > 28 and day > (mday = month_days(off_year, mon))
          if (mon += 1) > 12
            raise ArgumentError, "yday #{yday} out of range"
          end
          day -= mday
        end
        return make_time(date, year, nil, mon, day, hour, min, sec, sec_fraction, zone, now)
      end

      if now and now.respond_to?(:getlocal)
        if off
          now = now.getlocal(off) if now.utc_offset != off
        else
          now = now.getlocal
        end
      end

      usec = nil
      usec = sec_fraction * 1000000 if sec_fraction

      if now
        begin
          break if year; year = now.year
          break if mon; mon = now.mon
          break if day; day = now.day
          break if hour; hour = now.hour
          break if min; min = now.min
          break if sec; sec = now.sec
          break if sec_fraction; usec = now.tv_usec
        end until true
      end

      year ||= 1970
      mon ||= 1
      day ||= 1
      hour ||= 0
      min ||= 0
      sec ||= 0
      usec ||= 0

      if year != off_year
        off = nil
        off = zone_offset(zone, year) if zone
      end

      if off
        year, mon, day, hour, min, sec =
          apply_offset(year, mon, day, hour, min, sec, off)
        t = self.utc(year, mon, day, hour, min, sec, usec)
        force_zone!(t, zone, off)
        t
      else
        self.local(year, mon, day, hour, min, sec, usec)
      end
    end

month_days(y, m) click to toggle source

    # File lib/time.rb, line 139
    def month_days(y, m)
      if ((y % 4 == 0) && (y % 100 != 0)) || (y % 400 == 0)
        LeapYearMonthDays[m-1]
      else
        CommonYearMonthDays[m-1]
      end
    end

zone_utc?(zone) click to toggle source

    # File lib/time.rb, line 95
    def zone_utc?(zone)
      # * +0000
      #   In RFC 2822, +0000 indicate a time zone at Universal Time.
      #   Europe/Lisbon is "a time zone at Universal Time" in Winter.
      #   Atlantic/Reykjavik is "a time zone at Universal Time".
      #   Africa/Dakar is "a time zone at Universal Time".
      #   So +0000 is a local time such as Europe/London, etc.
      # * GMT
      #   GMT is used as a time zone abbreviation in Europe/London,
      #   Africa/Dakar, etc.
      #   So it is a local time.
      #
      # * -0000, -00:00
      #   In RFC 2822, -0000 the date-time contains no information about the
      #   local time zone.
      #   In RFC 3339, -00:00 is used for the time in UTC is known,
      #   but the offset to local time is unknown.
      #   They are not appropriate for specific time zone such as
      #   Europe/London because time zone neutral,
      #   So -00:00 and -0000 are treated as UTC.
      zone.match?(/\A(?:-00:00|-0000|-00|UTC|Z|UT)\z/i)
    end

### Public Instance Methods

time + numeric → time click to toggle source

Adds some number of seconds (possibly including subsecond) to time and returns that value as a new `Time` object.

    t = Time.now         #=> 2020-07-20 22:14:43.170490982 +0900
    t + (60 * 60 * 24)   #=> 2020-07-21 22:14:43.170490982 +0900

    static VALUE
    time_plus(VALUE time1, VALUE time2)
    {
        struct time_object *tobj;
        GetTimeval(time1, tobj);

        if (IsTimeval(time2)) {
            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "time + time?");
        }
        return time_add(tobj, time1, time2, 1);
    }

time - other_time → float click to toggle source
time - numeric → time

Returns a difference in seconds as a `Float` between time and `other_time`, or subtracts the given number of seconds in `numeric` from time.

    t = Time.now       #=> 2020-07-20 22:15:49.302766336 +0900
    t2 = t + 2592000   #=> 2020-08-19 22:15:49.302766336 +0900
    t2 - t             #=> 2592000.0
    t2 - 2592000       #=> 2020-07-20 22:15:49.302766336 +0900

    static VALUE
    time_minus(VALUE time1, VALUE time2)
    {
        struct time_object *tobj;

        GetTimeval(time1, tobj);
        if (IsTimeval(time2)) {
            struct time_object *tobj2;

            GetTimeval(time2, tobj2);
            return rb_Float(rb_time_unmagnify_to_float(wsub(tobj->timew, tobj2->timew)));
        }
        return time_add(tobj, time1, time2, -1);
    }

time <=> other_time → -1, 0, +1, or nil click to toggle source

Compares `time` with `other_time`.

-1, 0, +1 or nil depending on whether `time` is less than, equal to, or greater than `other_time`.

`nil` is returned if the two values are incomparable.

    t = Time.now       #=> 2007-11-19 08:12:12 -0600
    t2 = t + 2592000   #=> 2007-12-19 08:12:12 -0600
    t <=> t2           #=> -1
    t2 <=> t           #=> 1

    t = Time.now       #=> 2007-11-19 08:13:38 -0600
    t2 = t + 0.1       #=> 2007-11-19 08:13:38 -0600
    t.nsec             #=> 98222999
    t2.nsec            #=> 198222999
    t <=> t2           #=> -1
    t2 <=> t           #=> 1
    t <=> t            #=> 0

    static VALUE
    time_cmp(VALUE time1, VALUE time2)
    {
        struct time_object *tobj1, *tobj2;
        int n;

        GetTimeval(time1, tobj1);
        if (IsTimeval(time2)) {
            GetTimeval(time2, tobj2);
            n = wcmp(tobj1->timew, tobj2->timew);
        }
        else {
            return rb_invcmp(time1, time2);
        }
        if (n == 0) return INT2FIX(0);
        if (n > 0) return INT2FIX(1);
        return INT2FIX(-1);
    }

as_json(*) click to toggle source

Returns a hash, that will be turned into a `JSON` object and represent this object.

    # File ext/json/lib/json/add/time.rb, line 22
    def as_json(*)
      nanoseconds = [ tv_usec * 1000 ]
      respond_to?(:tv_nsec) and nanoseconds << tv_nsec
      nanoseconds = nanoseconds.max
      {
        JSON.create_id => self.class.name,
        's'            => tv_sec,
        'n'            => nanoseconds,
      }
    end

asctime → string

Returns a canonical string representation of time.

    Time.now.asctime   #=> "Wed Apr  9 08:56:03 2003"
    Time.now.ctime     #=> "Wed Apr  9 08:56:03 2003"

Alias for: ctime
ceil([ndigits]) → new_time click to toggle source

Ceils subsecond to a given precision in decimal digits (0 digits by default). It returns a new `Time` object. `ndigits` should be zero or a positive integer.

    t = Time.utc(2010,3,30, 5,43,25.0123456789r)
    t                      #=> 2010-03-30 05:43:25 123456789/10000000000 UTC
    t.ceil                 #=> 2010-03-30 05:43:26 UTC
    t.ceil(0)              #=> 2010-03-30 05:43:26 UTC
    t.ceil(1)              #=> 2010-03-30 05:43:25.1 UTC
    t.ceil(2)              #=> 2010-03-30 05:43:25.02 UTC
    t.ceil(3)              #=> 2010-03-30 05:43:25.013 UTC
    t.ceil(4)              #=> 2010-03-30 05:43:25.0124 UTC

    t = Time.utc(1999,12,31, 23,59,59)
    (t + 0.4).ceil         #=> 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
    (t + 0.9).ceil         #=> 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
    (t + 1.4).ceil         #=> 2000-01-01 00:00:01 UTC
    (t + 1.9).ceil         #=> 2000-01-01 00:00:01 UTC

    t = Time.utc(1999,12,31, 23,59,59)
    (t + 0.123456789).ceil(4)  #=> 1999-12-31 23:59:59.1235 UTC

    static VALUE
    time_ceil(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE time)
    {
        VALUE ndigits, v, den;
        struct time_object *tobj;

        if (!rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) || NIL_P(ndigits = argv[0]))
            den = INT2FIX(1);
        else
            den = ndigits_denominator(ndigits);

        GetTimeval(time, tobj);
        v = w2v(rb_time_unmagnify(tobj->timew));

        v = modv(v, den);
        if (!rb_equal(v, INT2FIX(0))) {
            v = subv(den, v);
        }
        return time_add(tobj, time, v, 1);
    }

ctime → string click to toggle source

Returns a canonical string representation of time.

    Time.now.asctime   #=> "Wed Apr  9 08:56:03 2003"
    Time.now.ctime     #=> "Wed Apr  9 08:56:03 2003"

    static VALUE
    time_asctime(VALUE time)
    {
        return strftimev("%a %b %e %T %Y", time, rb_usascii_encoding());
    }

Also aliased as: asctime
day → integer

Returns the day of the month (1..31) for time.

    t = Time.now   #=> 2007-11-19 08:27:03 -0600
    t.day          #=> 19
    t.mday         #=> 19

Alias for: mday
dst? → true or false

Returns `true` if time occurs during Daylight Saving `Time` in its time zone.

    # CST6CDT:
      Time.local(2000, 1, 1).zone    #=> "CST"
      Time.local(2000, 1, 1).isdst   #=> false
      Time.local(2000, 1, 1).dst?    #=> false
      Time.local(2000, 7, 1).zone    #=> "CDT"
      Time.local(2000, 7, 1).isdst   #=> true
      Time.local(2000, 7, 1).dst?    #=> true

    # Asia/Tokyo:
      Time.local(2000, 1, 1).zone    #=> "JST"
      Time.local(2000, 1, 1).isdst   #=> false
      Time.local(2000, 1, 1).dst?    #=> false
      Time.local(2000, 7, 1).zone    #=> "JST"
      Time.local(2000, 7, 1).isdst   #=> false
      Time.local(2000, 7, 1).dst?    #=> false

Alias for: isdst
eql?(other_time) click to toggle source

Returns `true` if time and `other_time` are both `Time` objects with the same seconds (including subsecond) from the Epoch.

    static VALUE
    time_eql(VALUE time1, VALUE time2)
    {
        struct time_object *tobj1, *tobj2;

        GetTimeval(time1, tobj1);
        if (IsTimeval(time2)) {
            GetTimeval(time2, tobj2);
            return rb_equal(w2v(tobj1->timew), w2v(tobj2->timew));
        }
        return Qfalse;
    }

floor([ndigits]) → new_time click to toggle source

Floors subsecond to a given precision in decimal digits (0 digits by default). It returns a new `Time` object. `ndigits` should be zero or a positive integer.

    t = Time.utc(2010,3,30, 5,43,25.123456789r)
    t                       #=> 2010-03-30 05:43:25.123456789 UTC
    t.floor                 #=> 2010-03-30 05:43:25 UTC
    t.floor(0)              #=> 2010-03-30 05:43:25 UTC
    t.floor(1)              #=> 2010-03-30 05:43:25.1 UTC
    t.floor(2)              #=> 2010-03-30 05:43:25.12 UTC
    t.floor(3)              #=> 2010-03-30 05:43:25.123 UTC
    t.floor(4)              #=> 2010-03-30 05:43:25.1234 UTC

    t = Time.utc(1999,12,31, 23,59,59)
    (t + 0.4).floor    #=> 1999-12-31 23:59:59 UTC
    (t + 0.9).floor    #=> 1999-12-31 23:59:59 UTC
    (t + 1.4).floor    #=> 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
    (t + 1.9).floor    #=> 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC

    t = Time.utc(1999,12,31, 23,59,59)
    (t + 0.123456789).floor(4)  #=> 1999-12-31 23:59:59.1234 UTC

    static VALUE
    time_floor(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE time)
    {
        VALUE ndigits, v, den;
        struct time_object *tobj;

        if (!rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) || NIL_P(ndigits = argv[0]))
            den = INT2FIX(1);
        else
            den = ndigits_denominator(ndigits);

        GetTimeval(time, tobj);
        v = w2v(rb_time_unmagnify(tobj->timew));

        v = modv(v, den);
        return time_add(tobj, time, v, -1);
    }

friday? → true or false click to toggle source

Returns `true` if time represents Friday.

    t = Time.local(1987, 12, 18)     #=> 1987-12-18 00:00:00 -0600
    t.friday?                        #=> true

    static VALUE
    time_friday(VALUE time)
    {
        wday_p(5);
    }

getgm → new_time click to toggle source

Returns a new `Time` object representing time in UTC.

    t = Time.local(2000,1,1,20,15,1)   #=> 2000-01-01 20:15:01 -0600
    t.gmt?                             #=> false
    y = t.getgm                        #=> 2000-01-02 02:15:01 UTC
    y.gmt?                             #=> true
    t == y                             #=> true

    static VALUE
    time_getgmtime(VALUE time)
    {
        return time_gmtime(time_dup(time));
    }

Also aliased as: getutc
getlocal → new_time click to toggle source
getlocal(utc_offset) → new_time
getlocal(timezone) → new_time

Returns a new `Time` object representing time in local time (using the local time zone in effect for this process).

If `utc_offset` is given, it is used instead of the local time. `utc_offset` can be given as a human-readable string (eg. `"+09:00"`) or as a number of seconds (eg. `32400`).

    t = Time.utc(2000,1,1,20,15,1)  #=> 2000-01-01 20:15:01 UTC
    t.utc?                          #=> true

    l = t.getlocal                  #=> 2000-01-01 14:15:01 -0600
    l.utc?                          #=> false
    t == l                          #=> true

    j = t.getlocal("+09:00")        #=> 2000-01-02 05:15:01 +0900
    j.utc?                          #=> false
    t == j                          #=> true

    k = t.getlocal(9*60*60)         #=> 2000-01-02 05:15:01 +0900
    k.utc?                          #=> false
    t == k                          #=> true

    static VALUE
    time_getlocaltime(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE time)
    {
        VALUE off;

        if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) && !NIL_P(off = argv[0])) {
            VALUE zone = off;
            if (maybe_tzobj_p(zone)) {
                VALUE t = time_dup(time);
                if (zone_localtime(off, t)) return t;
            }

            if (NIL_P(off = utc_offset_arg(off))) {
                if (NIL_P(zone = find_timezone(time, zone))) invalid_utc_offset();
                time = time_dup(time);
                if (!zone_localtime(zone, time)) invalid_utc_offset();
                return time;
            }
            else if (off == UTC_ZONE) {
                return time_gmtime(time_dup(time));
            }
            validate_utc_offset(off);

            time = time_dup(time);
            time_set_utc_offset(time, off);
            return time_fixoff(time);
        }

        return time_localtime(time_dup(time));
    }

getutc → new_time

Returns a new `Time` object representing time in UTC.

    t = Time.local(2000,1,1,20,15,1)   #=> 2000-01-01 20:15:01 -0600
    t.gmt?                             #=> false
    y = t.getgm                        #=> 2000-01-02 02:15:01 UTC
    y.gmt?                             #=> true
    t == y                             #=> true

Alias for: getgm
gm()

Creates a `Time` object based on given values, interpreted as UTC (GMT). The year must be specified. Other values default to the minimum value for that field (and may be `nil` or omitted). Months may be specified by numbers from 1 to 12, or by the three-letter `English` month names. Hours are specified on a 24-hour clock (0..23). Raises an `ArgumentError` if any values are out of range. Will also accept ten arguments in the order output by `Time#to_a`.

`sec_with_frac` and `usec_with_frac` can have a fractional part.

    Time.utc(2000,"jan",1,20,15,1)  #=> 2000-01-01 20:15:01 UTC
    Time.gm(2000,"jan",1,20,15,1)   #=> 2000-01-01 20:15:01 UTC

Alias for: utc
gmt? → true or false

Returns `true` if time represents a time in UTC (GMT).

    t = Time.now                        #=> 2007-11-19 08:15:23 -0600
    t.utc?                              #=> false
    t = Time.gm(2000,"jan",1,20,15,1)   #=> 2000-01-01 20:15:01 UTC
    t.utc?                              #=> true

    t = Time.now                        #=> 2007-11-19 08:16:03 -0600
    t.gmt?                              #=> false
    t = Time.gm(2000,1,1,20,15,1)       #=> 2000-01-01 20:15:01 UTC
    t.gmt?                              #=> true

Alias for: utc?
gmt_offset → integer

Returns the offset in seconds between the timezone of time and UTC.

    t = Time.gm(2000,1,1,20,15,1)   #=> 2000-01-01 20:15:01 UTC
    t.gmt_offset                    #=> 0
    l = t.getlocal                  #=> 2000-01-01 14:15:01 -0600
    l.gmt_offset                    #=> -21600

Alias for: gmtoff
gmtime → time click to toggle source

Converts time to UTC (GMT), modifying the receiver.

    t = Time.now   #=> 2007-11-19 08:18:31 -0600
    t.gmt?         #=> false
    t.gmtime       #=> 2007-11-19 14:18:31 UTC
    t.gmt?         #=> true

    t = Time.now   #=> 2007-11-19 08:18:51 -0600
    t.utc?         #=> false
    t.utc          #=> 2007-11-19 14:18:51 UTC
    t.utc?         #=> true

    static VALUE
    time_gmtime(VALUE time)
    {
        struct time_object *tobj;
        struct vtm vtm;

        GetTimeval(time, tobj);
        if (TZMODE_UTC_P(tobj)) {
            if (tobj->tm_got)
                return time;
        }
        else {
            time_modify(time);
        }

        vtm.zone = str_utc;
        GMTIMEW(tobj->timew, &vtm);
        tobj->vtm = vtm;

        tobj->tm_got = 1;
        TZMODE_SET_UTC(tobj);
        return time;
    }

Also aliased as: utc
gmtoff → integer click to toggle source

Returns the offset in seconds between the timezone of time and UTC.

    t = Time.gm(2000,1,1,20,15,1)   #=> 2000-01-01 20:15:01 UTC
    t.gmt_offset                    #=> 0
    l = t.getlocal                  #=> 2000-01-01 14:15:01 -0600
    l.gmt_offset                    #=> -21600

    VALUE
    rb_time_utc_offset(VALUE time)
    {
        struct time_object *tobj;

        GetTimeval(time, tobj);

        if (TZMODE_UTC_P(tobj)) {
            return INT2FIX(0);
        }
        else {
            MAKE_TM(time, tobj);
            return tobj->vtm.utc_offset;
        }
    }

Also aliased as: gmt_offset, utc_offset
hash → integer click to toggle source

Returns a hash code for this `Time` object.

See also `Object#hash`.

    static VALUE
    time_hash(VALUE time)
    {
        struct time_object *tobj;

        GetTimeval(time, tobj);
        return rb_hash(w2v(tobj->timew));
    }

hour → integer click to toggle source

Returns the hour of the day (0..23) for time.

    t = Time.now   #=> 2007-11-19 08:26:20 -0600
    t.hour         #=> 8

    static VALUE
    time_hour(VALUE time)
    {
        struct time_object *tobj;

        GetTimeval(time, tobj);
        MAKE_TM(time, tobj);
        return INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.hour);
    }

httpdate() click to toggle source

Returns a string which represents the time as RFC 1123 date of HTTP-date defined by RFC 2616:

    day-of-week, DD month-name CCYY hh:mm:ss GMT

Note that the result is always UTC (GMT).

    require 'time'

    t = Time.now
    t.httpdate # => "Thu, 06 Oct 2011 02:26:12 GMT"

You must require 'time' to use this method.

    # File lib/time.rb, line 706
    def httpdate
      t = dup.utc
      sprintf('%s, %02d %s %0*d %02d:%02d:%02d GMT',
        RFC2822_DAY_NAME[t.wday],
        t.day, RFC2822_MONTH_NAME[t.mon-1], t.year < 0 ? 5 : 4, t.year,
        t.hour, t.min, t.sec)
    end

inspect → string click to toggle source

Returns a detailed string representing time. Unlike `to_s`, preserves subsecond in the representation for easier debugging.

    t = Time.now
    t.inspect                             #=> "2012-11-10 18:16:12.261257655 +0100"
    t.strftime "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%N %z"  #=> "2012-11-10 18:16:12.261257655 +0100"

    t.utc.inspect                          #=> "2012-11-10 17:16:12.261257655 UTC"
    t.strftime "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%N UTC"  #=> "2012-11-10 17:16:12.261257655 UTC"

    static VALUE
    time_inspect(VALUE time)
    {
        struct time_object *tobj;
        VALUE str, subsec;

        GetTimeval(time, tobj);
        str = strftimev("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time, rb_usascii_encoding());
        subsec = w2v(wmod(tobj->timew, WINT2FIXWV(TIME_SCALE)));
        if (FIXNUM_P(subsec) && FIX2LONG(subsec) == 0) {
        }
        else if (FIXNUM_P(subsec) && FIX2LONG(subsec) < TIME_SCALE) {
            long len;
            rb_str_catf(str, ".%09ld", FIX2LONG(subsec));
            for (len=RSTRING_LEN(str); RSTRING_PTR(str)[len-1] == '0' && len > 0; len--)
                ;
            rb_str_resize(str, len);
        }
        else {
            rb_str_cat_cstr(str, " ");
            subsec = quov(subsec, INT2FIX(TIME_SCALE));
            rb_str_concat(str, rb_obj_as_string(subsec));
        }
        if (TZMODE_UTC_P(tobj)) {
            rb_str_cat_cstr(str, " UTC");
        }
        else {
            rb_str_concat(str, strftimev(" %z", time, rb_usascii_encoding()));
        }
        return str;
    }

isdst → true or false click to toggle source

Returns `true` if time occurs during Daylight Saving `Time` in its time zone.

    # CST6CDT:
      Time.local(2000, 1, 1).zone    #=> "CST"
      Time.local(2000, 1, 1).isdst   #=> false
      Time.local(2000, 1, 1).dst?    #=> false
      Time.local(2000, 7, 1).zone    #=> "CDT"
      Time.local(2000, 7, 1).isdst   #=> true
      Time.local(2000, 7, 1).dst?    #=> true

    # Asia/Tokyo:
      Time.local(2000, 1, 1).zone    #=> "JST"
      Time.local(2000, 1, 1).isdst   #=> false
      Time.local(2000, 1, 1).dst?    #=> false
      Time.local(2000, 7, 1).zone    #=> "JST"
      Time.local(2000, 7, 1).isdst   #=> false
      Time.local(2000, 7, 1).dst?    #=> false

    static VALUE
    time_isdst(VALUE time)
    {
        struct time_object *tobj;

        GetTimeval(time, tobj);
        MAKE_TM(time, tobj);
        if (tobj->vtm.isdst == VTM_ISDST_INITVAL) {
            rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "isdst is not set yet");
        }
        return tobj->vtm.isdst ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
    }

Also aliased as: dst?
iso8601(fraction_digits=0)
Alias for: xmlschema
localtime → time click to toggle source
localtime(utc_offset) → time

Converts time to local time (using the local time zone in effect at the creation time of time) modifying the receiver.

If `utc_offset` is given, it is used instead of the local time.

    t = Time.utc(2000, "jan", 1, 20, 15, 1) #=> 2000-01-01 20:15:01 UTC
    t.utc?                                  #=> true

    t.localtime                             #=> 2000-01-01 14:15:01 -0600
    t.utc?                                  #=> false

    t.localtime("+09:00")                   #=> 2000-01-02 05:15:01 +0900
    t.utc?                                  #=> false

If `utc_offset` is not given and time is local time, just returns the receiver.

    static VALUE
    time_localtime_m(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE time)
    {
        VALUE off;

        if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) && !NIL_P(off = argv[0])) {
            return time_zonelocal(time, off);
        }

        return time_localtime(time);
    }

mday → integer click to toggle source

Returns the day of the month (1..31) for time.

    t = Time.now   #=> 2007-11-19 08:27:03 -0600
    t.day          #=> 19
    t.mday         #=> 19

    static VALUE
    time_mday(VALUE time)
    {
        struct time_object *tobj;

        GetTimeval(time, tobj);
        MAKE_TM(time, tobj);
        return INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.mday);
    }

Also aliased as: day
min → integer click to toggle source

Returns the minute of the hour (0..59) for time.

    t = Time.now   #=> 2007-11-19 08:25:51 -0600
    t.min          #=> 25

    static VALUE
    time_min(VALUE time)
    {
        struct time_object *tobj;

        GetTimeval(time, tobj);
        MAKE_TM(time, tobj);
        return INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.min);
    }

mon → integer click to toggle source

Returns the month of the year (1..12) for time.

    t = Time.now   #=> 2007-11-19 08:27:30 -0600
    t.mon          #=> 11
    t.month        #=> 11

    static VALUE
    time_mon(VALUE time)
    {
        struct time_object *tobj;

        GetTimeval(time, tobj);
        MAKE_TM(time, tobj);
        return INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.mon);
    }

Also aliased as: month
monday? → true or false click to toggle source

Returns `true` if time represents Monday.

    t = Time.local(2003, 8, 4)       #=> 2003-08-04 00:00:00 -0500
    t.monday?                        #=> true

    static VALUE
    time_monday(VALUE time)
    {
        wday_p(1);
    }

Returns the month of the year (1..12) for time.

    t = Time.now   #=> 2007-11-19 08:27:30 -0600
    t.mon          #=> 11
    t.month        #=> 11

Alias for: mon
nsec → int

Returns the number of nanoseconds for the subsecond part of time. The result is a non-negative integer less than 10**9.

    t = Time.now        #=> 2020-07-20 22:07:10.963933942 +0900
    t.nsec              #=> 963933942

If time has fraction of nanosecond (such as picoseconds), it is truncated.

    t = Time.new(2000,1,1,0,0,0.666_777_888_999r)
    t.nsec              #=> 666777888

`Time#subsec` can be used to obtain the subsecond part exactly.

Alias for: tv_nsec
rfc2822() click to toggle source

Returns a string which represents the time as date-time defined by RFC 2822:

    day-of-week, DD month-name CCYY hh:mm:ss zone

where zone is [+-]hhmm.

If `self` is a UTC time, -0000 is used as zone.

    require 'time'

    t = Time.now
    t.rfc2822  # => "Wed, 05 Oct 2011 22:26:12 -0400"

You must require 'time' to use this method.

    # File lib/time.rb, line 666
    def rfc2822
      sprintf('%s, %02d %s %0*d %02d:%02d:%02d ',
        RFC2822_DAY_NAME[wday],
        day, RFC2822_MONTH_NAME[mon-1], year < 0 ? 5 : 4, year,
        hour, min, sec) <<
      if utc?
        '-0000'
      else
        off = utc_offset
        sign = off < 0 ? '-' : '+'
        sprintf('%s%02d%02d', sign, *(off.abs / 60).divmod(60))
      end
    end

Also aliased as: rfc822
rfc822()
Alias for: rfc2822
round([ndigits]) → new_time click to toggle source

Rounds subsecond to a given precision in decimal digits (0 digits by default). It returns a new `Time` object. `ndigits` should be zero or a positive integer.

    t = Time.utc(2010,3,30, 5,43,25.123456789r)
    t                       #=> 2010-03-30 05:43:25.123456789 UTC
    t.round                 #=> 2010-03-30 05:43:25 UTC
    t.round(0)              #=> 2010-03-30 05:43:25 UTC
    t.round(1)              #=> 2010-03-30 05:43:25.1 UTC
    t.round(2)              #=> 2010-03-30 05:43:25.12 UTC
    t.round(3)              #=> 2010-03-30 05:43:25.123 UTC
    t.round(4)              #=> 2010-03-30 05:43:25.1235 UTC

    t = Time.utc(1999,12,31, 23,59,59)
    (t + 0.4).round         #=> 1999-12-31 23:59:59 UTC
    (t + 0.49).round        #=> 1999-12-31 23:59:59 UTC
    (t + 0.5).round         #=> 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
    (t + 1.4).round         #=> 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
    (t + 1.49).round        #=> 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
    (t + 1.5).round         #=> 2000-01-01 00:00:01 UTC

    t = Time.utc(1999,12,31, 23,59,59)     #=> 1999-12-31 23:59:59 UTC
    (t + 0.123456789).round(4).iso8601(6)  #=> 1999-12-31 23:59:59.1235 UTC

    static VALUE
    time_round(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE time)
    {
        VALUE ndigits, v, den;
        struct time_object *tobj;

        if (!rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) || NIL_P(ndigits = argv[0]))
            den = INT2FIX(1);
        else
            den = ndigits_denominator(ndigits);

        GetTimeval(time, tobj);
        v = w2v(rb_time_unmagnify(tobj->timew));

        v = modv(v, den);
        if (lt(v, quov(den, INT2FIX(2))))
            return time_add(tobj, time, v, -1);
        else
            return time_add(tobj, time, subv(den, v), 1);
    }

saturday? → true or false click to toggle source

Returns `true` if time represents Saturday.

    t = Time.local(2006, 6, 10)      #=> 2006-06-10 00:00:00 -0500
    t.saturday?                      #=> true

    static VALUE
    time_saturday(VALUE time)
    {
        wday_p(6);
    }

sec → integer click to toggle source

Returns the second of the minute (0..60) for time.

Note: Seconds range from zero to 60 to allow the system to inject leap seconds. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leap_second for further details.

    t = Time.now   #=> 2007-11-19 08:25:02 -0600
    t.sec          #=> 2

    static VALUE
    time_sec(VALUE time)
    {
        struct time_object *tobj;

        GetTimeval(time, tobj);
        MAKE_TM(time, tobj);
        return INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.sec);
    }

strftime( string ) → string click to toggle source

Formats time according to the directives in the given format string.

The directives begin with a percent (%) character. Any text not listed as a directive will be passed through to the output string.

The directive consists of a percent (%) character, zero or more flags, optional minimum field width, optional modifier and a conversion specifier as follows:

    %<flags><width><modifier><conversion>

Flags:

    -  don't pad a numerical output
    _  use spaces for padding
    0  use zeros for padding
    ^  upcase the result string
    #  change case
    :  use colons for %z

The minimum field width specifies the minimum width.

The modifiers are “E” and “O”. They are ignored.

Format directives:

    Date (Year, Month, Day):
      %Y - Year with century if provided, will pad result at least 4 digits.
              -0001, 0000, 1995, 2009, 14292, etc.
      %C - year / 100 (rounded down such as 20 in 2009)
      %y - year % 100 (00..99)

      %m - Month of the year, zero-padded (01..12)
              %_m  blank-padded ( 1..12)
              %-m  no-padded (1..12)
      %B - The full month name (``January'')
              %^B  uppercased (``JANUARY'')
      %b - The abbreviated month name (``Jan'')
              %^b  uppercased (``JAN'')
      %h - Equivalent to %b

      %d - Day of the month, zero-padded (01..31)
              %-d  no-padded (1..31)
      %e - Day of the month, blank-padded ( 1..31)

      %j - Day of the year (001..366)

    Time (Hour, Minute, Second, Subsecond):
      %H - Hour of the day, 24-hour clock, zero-padded (00..23)
      %k - Hour of the day, 24-hour clock, blank-padded ( 0..23)
      %I - Hour of the day, 12-hour clock, zero-padded (01..12)
      %l - Hour of the day, 12-hour clock, blank-padded ( 1..12)
      %P - Meridian indicator, lowercase (``am'' or ``pm'')
      %p - Meridian indicator, uppercase (``AM'' or ``PM'')

      %M - Minute of the hour (00..59)

      %S - Second of the minute (00..60)

      %L - Millisecond of the second (000..999)
           The digits under millisecond are truncated to not produce 1000.
      %N - Fractional seconds digits, default is 9 digits (nanosecond)
              %3N  millisecond (3 digits)
              %6N  microsecond (6 digits)
              %9N  nanosecond (9 digits)
              %12N picosecond (12 digits)
              %15N femtosecond (15 digits)
              %18N attosecond (18 digits)
              %21N zeptosecond (21 digits)
              %24N yoctosecond (24 digits)
           The digits under the specified length are truncated to avoid
           carry up.

    Time zone:
      %z - Time zone as hour and minute offset from UTC (e.g. +0900)
              %:z - hour and minute offset from UTC with a colon (e.g. +09:00)
              %::z - hour, minute and second offset from UTC (e.g. +09:00:00)
      %Z - Abbreviated time zone name or similar information.  (OS dependent)

    Weekday:
      %A - The full weekday name (``Sunday'')
              %^A  uppercased (``SUNDAY'')
      %a - The abbreviated name (``Sun'')
              %^a  uppercased (``SUN'')
      %u - Day of the week (Monday is 1, 1..7)
      %w - Day of the week (Sunday is 0, 0..6)

    ISO 8601 week-based year and week number:
    The first week of YYYY starts with a Monday and includes YYYY-01-04.
    The days in the year before the first week are in the last week of
    the previous year.
      %G - The week-based year
      %g - The last 2 digits of the week-based year (00..99)
      %V - Week number of the week-based year (01..53)

    Week number:
    The first week of YYYY that starts with a Sunday or Monday (according to %U
    or %W). The days in the year before the first week are in week 0.
      %U - Week number of the year. The week starts with Sunday. (00..53)
      %W - Week number of the year. The week starts with Monday. (00..53)

    Seconds since the Epoch:
      %s - Number of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC.

    Literal string:
      %n - Newline character (\n)
      %t - Tab character (\t)
      %% - Literal ``%'' character

    Combination:
      %c - date and time (%a %b %e %T %Y)
      %D - Date (%m/%d/%y)
      %F - The ISO 8601 date format (%Y-%m-%d)
      %v - VMS date (%e-%^b-%4Y)
      %x - Same as %D
      %X - Same as %T
      %r - 12-hour time (%I:%M:%S %p)
      %R - 24-hour time (%H:%M)
      %T - 24-hour time (%H:%M:%S)

This method is similar to strftime() function defined in ISO C and POSIX.

While all directives are locale independent since Ruby 1.9, %Z is platform dependent. So, the result may differ even if the same format string is used in other systems such as C.

%z is recommended over %Z. %Z doesn't identify the timezone. For example, “CST” is used at America/Chicago (-06:00), America/Havana (-05:00), Asia/Harbin (+08:00), Australia/Darwin (+09:30) and Australia/Adelaide (+10:30). Also, %Z is highly dependent on the operating system. For example, it may generate a non ASCII string on Japanese Windows, i.e. the result can be different to “JST”. So the numeric time zone offset, %z, is recommended.

Examples:

    t = Time.new(2007,11,19,8,37,48,"-06:00") #=> 2007-11-19 08:37:48 -0600
    t.strftime("Printed on %m/%d/%Y")         #=> "Printed on 11/19/2007"
    t.strftime("at %I:%M %p")                 #=> "at 08:37 AM"

Various ISO 8601 formats:

    %Y%m%d           => 20071119                  Calendar date (basic)
    %F               => 2007-11-19                Calendar date (extended)
    %Y-%m            => 2007-11                   Calendar date, reduced accuracy, specific month
    %Y               => 2007                      Calendar date, reduced accuracy, specific year
    %C               => 20                        Calendar date, reduced accuracy, specific century
    %Y%j             => 2007323                   Ordinal date (basic)
    %Y-%j            => 2007-323                  Ordinal date (extended)
    %GW%V%u          => 2007W471                  Week date (basic)
    %G-W%V-%u        => 2007-W47-1                Week date (extended)
    %GW%V            => 2007W47                   Week date, reduced accuracy, specific week (basic)
    %G-W%V           => 2007-W47                  Week date, reduced accuracy, specific week (extended)
    %H%M%S           => 083748                    Local time (basic)
    %T               => 08:37:48                  Local time (extended)
    %H%M             => 0837                      Local time, reduced accuracy, specific minute (basic)
    %H:%M            => 08:37                     Local time, reduced accuracy, specific minute (extended)
    %H               => 08                        Local time, reduced accuracy, specific hour
    %H%M%S,%L        => 083748,000                Local time with decimal fraction, comma as decimal sign (basic)
    %T,%L            => 08:37:48,000              Local time with decimal fraction, comma as decimal sign (extended)
    %H%M%S.%L        => 083748.000                Local time with decimal fraction, full stop as decimal sign (basic)
    %T.%L            => 08:37:48.000              Local time with decimal fraction, full stop as decimal sign (extended)
    %H%M%S%z         => 083748-0600               Local time and the difference from UTC (basic)
    %T%:z            => 08:37:48-06:00            Local time and the difference from UTC (extended)
    %Y%m%dT%H%M%S%z  => 20071119T083748-0600      Date and time of day for calendar date (basic)
    %FT%T%:z         => 2007-11-19T08:37:48-06:00 Date and time of day for calendar date (extended)
    %Y%jT%H%M%S%z    => 2007323T083748-0600       Date and time of day for ordinal date (basic)
    %Y-%jT%T%:z      => 2007-323T08:37:48-06:00   Date and time of day for ordinal date (extended)
    %GW%V%uT%H%M%S%z => 2007W471T083748-0600      Date and time of day for week date (basic)
    %G-W%V-%uT%T%:z  => 2007-W47-1T08:37:48-06:00 Date and time of day for week date (extended)
    %Y%m%dT%H%M      => 20071119T0837             Calendar date and local time (basic)
    %FT%R            => 2007-11-19T08:37          Calendar date and local time (extended)
    %Y%jT%H%MZ       => 2007323T0837Z             Ordinal date and UTC of day (basic)
    %Y-%jT%RZ        => 2007-323T08:37Z           Ordinal date and UTC of day (extended)
    %GW%V%uT%H%M%z   => 2007W471T0837-0600        Week date and local time and difference from UTC (basic)
    %G-W%V-%uT%R%:z  => 2007-W47-1T08:37-06:00    Week date and local time and difference from UTC (extended)

    static VALUE
    time_strftime(VALUE time, VALUE format)
    {
        struct time_object *tobj;
        const char *fmt;
        long len;
        rb_encoding *enc;
        VALUE tmp;

        GetTimeval(time, tobj);
        MAKE_TM_ENSURE(time, tobj, tobj->vtm.yday != 0);
        StringValue(format);
        if (!rb_enc_str_asciicompat_p(format)) {
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "format should have ASCII compatible encoding");
        }
        tmp = rb_str_tmp_frozen_acquire(format);
        fmt = RSTRING_PTR(tmp);
        len = RSTRING_LEN(tmp);
        enc = rb_enc_get(format);
        if (len == 0) {
            rb_warning("strftime called with empty format string");
            return rb_enc_str_new(0, 0, enc);
        }
        else {
            VALUE str = rb_strftime_alloc(fmt, len, enc, time, &tobj->vtm, tobj->timew,
                                          TZMODE_UTC_P(tobj));
            rb_str_tmp_frozen_release(format, tmp);
            if (!str) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid format: %"PRIsVALUE, format);
            return str;
        }
    }

subsec → number click to toggle source

Returns the subsecond for time.

The return value can be a rational number.

    t = Time.now        #=> 2020-07-20 15:40:26.867462289 +0900
    t.subsec            #=> (867462289/1000000000)

    t = Time.now        #=> 2020-07-20 15:40:50.313828595 +0900
    t.subsec            #=> (62765719/200000000)

    t = Time.new(2000,1,1,2,3,4) #=> 2000-01-01 02:03:04 +0900
    t.subsec                     #=> 0

    Time.new(2000,1,1,0,0,1/3r,"UTC").subsec #=> (1/3)

    static VALUE
    time_subsec(VALUE time)
    {
        struct time_object *tobj;

        GetTimeval(time, tobj);
        return quov(w2v(wmod(tobj->timew, WINT2FIXWV(TIME_SCALE))), INT2FIX(TIME_SCALE));
    }

sunday? → true or false click to toggle source

Returns `true` if time represents Sunday.

    t = Time.local(1990, 4, 1)       #=> 1990-04-01 00:00:00 -0600
    t.sunday?                        #=> true

    static VALUE
    time_sunday(VALUE time)
    {
        wday_p(0);
    }

thursday? → true or false click to toggle source

Returns `true` if time represents Thursday.

    t = Time.local(1995, 12, 21)     #=> 1995-12-21 00:00:00 -0600
    t.thursday?                      #=> true

    static VALUE
    time_thursday(VALUE time)
    {
        wday_p(4);
    }

to_a → array click to toggle source

Returns a ten-element array of values for time:

    [sec, min, hour, day, month, year, wday, yday, isdst, zone]

See the individual methods for an explanation of the valid ranges of each value. The ten elements can be passed directly to `Time.utc` or `Time.local` to create a new `Time` object.

    t = Time.now     #=> 2007-11-19 08:36:01 -0600
    now = t.to_a     #=> [1, 36, 8, 19, 11, 2007, 1, 323, false, "CST"]

    static VALUE
    time_to_a(VALUE time)
    {
        struct time_object *tobj;

        GetTimeval(time, tobj);
        MAKE_TM_ENSURE(time, tobj, tobj->vtm.yday != 0);
        return rb_ary_new3(10,
                        INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.sec),
                        INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.min),
                        INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.hour),
                        INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.mday),
                        INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.mon),
                        tobj->vtm.year,
                        INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.wday),
                        INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.yday),
                        tobj->vtm.isdst?Qtrue:Qfalse,
                        time_zone(time));
    }

to_date → date click to toggle source

Returns a `Date` object which denotes self.

    static VALUE
    time_to_date(VALUE self)
    {
        VALUE y, nth, ret;
        int ry, m, d;

        y = f_year(self);
        m = FIX2INT(f_mon(self));
        d = FIX2INT(f_mday(self));

        decode_year(y, -1, &nth, &ry);

        ret = d_simple_new_internal(cDate,
                                    nth, 0,
                                    GREGORIAN,
                                    ry, m, d,
                                    HAVE_CIVIL);
        {
            get_d1(ret);
            set_sg(dat, DEFAULT_SG);
        }
        return ret;
    }

to_datetime → datetime click to toggle source

Returns a `DateTime` object which denotes self.

    static VALUE
    time_to_datetime(VALUE self)
    {
        VALUE y, sf, nth, ret;
        int ry, m, d, h, min, s, of;

        y = f_year(self);
        m = FIX2INT(f_mon(self));
        d = FIX2INT(f_mday(self));

        h = FIX2INT(f_hour(self));
        min = FIX2INT(f_min(self));
        s = FIX2INT(f_sec(self));
        if (s == 60)
            s = 59;

        sf = sec_to_ns(f_subsec(self));
        of = FIX2INT(f_utc_offset(self));

        decode_year(y, -1, &nth, &ry);

        ret = d_complex_new_internal(cDateTime,
                                     nth, 0,
                                     0, sf,
                                     of, DEFAULT_SG,
                                     ry, m, d,
                                     h, min, s,
                                     HAVE_CIVIL | HAVE_TIME);
        {
            get_d1(ret);
            set_sg(dat, DEFAULT_SG);
        }
        return ret;
    }

to_f → float click to toggle source

Returns the value of time as a floating point number of seconds since the Epoch. The return value approximate the exact value in the `Time` object because floating point numbers cannot represent all rational numbers exactly.

    t = Time.now        #=> 2020-07-20 22:00:29.38740268 +0900
    t.to_f              #=> 1595250029.3874028
    t.to_i              #=> 1595250029

Note that IEEE 754 double is not accurate enough to represent the exact number of nanoseconds since the Epoch. (IEEE 754 double has 53bit mantissa. So it can represent exact number of nanoseconds only in `2 ** 53 / 1_000_000_000 / 60 / 60 / 24 = 104.2` days.) When Ruby uses a nanosecond-resolution clock function, such as `clock_gettime` of POSIX, to obtain the current time, `Time#to_f` can lost information of a `Time` object created with `Time.now`.

    static VALUE
    time_to_f(VALUE time)
    {
        struct time_object *tobj;

        GetTimeval(time, tobj);
        return rb_Float(rb_time_unmagnify_to_float(tobj->timew));
    }

to_i → int click to toggle source

Returns the value of time as an integer number of seconds since the Epoch.

If time contains subsecond, they are truncated.

    t = Time.now        #=> 2020-07-21 01:41:29.746012609 +0900
    t.to_i              #=> 1595263289

    static VALUE
    time_to_i(VALUE time)
    {
        struct time_object *tobj;

        GetTimeval(time, tobj);
        return w2v(wdiv(tobj->timew, WINT2FIXWV(TIME_SCALE)));
    }

Also aliased as: tv_sec
to_json(*args) click to toggle source

Stores class name (`Time`) with number of seconds since epoch and number of microseconds for `Time` as `JSON` string

    # File ext/json/lib/json/add/time.rb, line 35
    def to_json(*args)
      as_json.to_json(*args)
    end

to_r → a_rational click to toggle source

Returns the value of time as a rational number of seconds since the Epoch.

    t = Time.now      #=> 2020-07-20 22:03:45.212167333 +0900
    t.to_r            #=> (1595250225212167333/1000000000)

This method is intended to be used to get an accurate value representing the seconds (including subsecond) since the Epoch.

    static VALUE
    time_to_r(VALUE time)
    {
        struct time_object *tobj;
        VALUE v;

        GetTimeval(time, tobj);
        v = rb_time_unmagnify_to_rational(tobj->timew);
        if (!RB_TYPE_P(v, T_RATIONAL)) {
            v = rb_Rational1(v);
        }
        return v;
    }

to_s → string click to toggle source

Returns a string representing time. Equivalent to calling `strftime` with the appropriate format string.

    t = Time.now
    t.to_s                              #=> "2012-11-10 18:16:12 +0100"
    t.strftime "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z"   #=> "2012-11-10 18:16:12 +0100"

    t.utc.to_s                          #=> "2012-11-10 17:16:12 UTC"
    t.strftime "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S UTC"  #=> "2012-11-10 17:16:12 UTC"

    static VALUE
    time_to_s(VALUE time)
    {
        struct time_object *tobj;

        GetTimeval(time, tobj);
        if (TZMODE_UTC_P(tobj))
            return strftimev("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S UTC", time, rb_usascii_encoding());
        else
            return strftimev("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z", time, rb_usascii_encoding());
    }

to_time → time click to toggle source

Returns self.

    static VALUE
    time_to_time(VALUE self)
    {
        return self;
    }

tuesday? → true or false click to toggle source

Returns `true` if time represents Tuesday.

    t = Time.local(1991, 2, 19)      #=> 1991-02-19 00:00:00 -0600
    t.tuesday?                       #=> true

    static VALUE
    time_tuesday(VALUE time)
    {
        wday_p(2);
    }

tv_nsec → int click to toggle source

Returns the number of nanoseconds for the subsecond part of time. The result is a non-negative integer less than 10**9.

    t = Time.now        #=> 2020-07-20 22:07:10.963933942 +0900
    t.nsec              #=> 963933942

If time has fraction of nanosecond (such as picoseconds), it is truncated.

    t = Time.new(2000,1,1,0,0,0.666_777_888_999r)
    t.nsec              #=> 666777888

`Time#subsec` can be used to obtain the subsecond part exactly.

    static VALUE
    time_nsec(VALUE time)
    {
        struct time_object *tobj;

        GetTimeval(time, tobj);
        return rb_to_int(w2v(wmulquoll(wmod(tobj->timew, WINT2WV(TIME_SCALE)), 1000000000, TIME_SCALE)));
    }

Also aliased as: nsec
tv_sec → int

Returns the value of time as an integer number of seconds since the Epoch.

If time contains subsecond, they are truncated.

    t = Time.now        #=> 2020-07-21 01:41:29.746012609 +0900
    t.to_i              #=> 1595263289

Alias for: to_i
tv_usec → int click to toggle source

Returns the number of microseconds for the subsecond part of time. The result is a non-negative integer less than 10**6.

    t = Time.now        #=> 2020-07-20 22:05:58.459785953 +0900
    t.usec              #=> 459785

If time has fraction of microsecond (such as nanoseconds), it is truncated.

    t = Time.new(2000,1,1,0,0,0.666_777_888_999r)
    t.usec              #=> 666777

`Time#subsec` can be used to obtain the subsecond part exactly.

    static VALUE
    time_usec(VALUE time)
    {
        struct time_object *tobj;
        wideval_t w, q, r;

        GetTimeval(time, tobj);

        w = wmod(tobj->timew, WINT2WV(TIME_SCALE));
        wmuldivmod(w, WINT2FIXWV(1000000), WINT2FIXWV(TIME_SCALE), &q, &r);
        return rb_to_int(w2v(q));
    }

Also aliased as: usec
usec → int

Returns the number of microseconds for the subsecond part of time. The result is a non-negative integer less than 10**6.

    t = Time.now        #=> 2020-07-20 22:05:58.459785953 +0900
    t.usec              #=> 459785

If time has fraction of microsecond (such as nanoseconds), it is truncated.

    t = Time.new(2000,1,1,0,0,0.666_777_888_999r)
    t.usec              #=> 666777

`Time#subsec` can be used to obtain the subsecond part exactly.

Alias for: tv_usec
utc → time

Converts time to UTC (GMT), modifying the receiver.

    t = Time.now   #=> 2007-11-19 08:18:31 -0600
    t.gmt?         #=> false
    t.gmtime       #=> 2007-11-19 14:18:31 UTC
    t.gmt?         #=> true

    t = Time.now   #=> 2007-11-19 08:18:51 -0600
    t.utc?         #=> false
    t.utc          #=> 2007-11-19 14:18:51 UTC
    t.utc?         #=> true

Also aliased as: gm
Alias for: gmtime
utc? → true or false click to toggle source

Returns `true` if time represents a time in UTC (GMT).

    t = Time.now                        #=> 2007-11-19 08:15:23 -0600
    t.utc?                              #=> false
    t = Time.gm(2000,"jan",1,20,15,1)   #=> 2000-01-01 20:15:01 UTC
    t.utc?                              #=> true

    t = Time.now                        #=> 2007-11-19 08:16:03 -0600
    t.gmt?                              #=> false
    t = Time.gm(2000,1,1,20,15,1)       #=> 2000-01-01 20:15:01 UTC
    t.gmt?                              #=> true

    static VALUE
    time_utc_p(VALUE time)
    {
        struct time_object *tobj;

        GetTimeval(time, tobj);
        if (TZMODE_UTC_P(tobj)) return Qtrue;
        return Qfalse;
    }

Also aliased as: gmt?
utc_offset → integer

Returns the offset in seconds between the timezone of time and UTC.

    t = Time.gm(2000,1,1,20,15,1)   #=> 2000-01-01 20:15:01 UTC
    t.gmt_offset                    #=> 0
    l = t.getlocal                  #=> 2000-01-01 14:15:01 -0600
    l.gmt_offset                    #=> -21600

Alias for: gmtoff
wday → integer click to toggle source

Returns an integer representing the day of the week, 0..6, with Sunday == 0.

    t = Time.now   #=> 2007-11-20 02:35:35 -0600
    t.wday         #=> 2
    t.sunday?      #=> false
    t.monday?      #=> false
    t.tuesday?     #=> true
    t.wednesday?   #=> false
    t.thursday?    #=> false
    t.friday?      #=> false
    t.saturday?    #=> false

    static VALUE
    time_wday(VALUE time)
    {
        struct time_object *tobj;

        GetTimeval(time, tobj);
        MAKE_TM_ENSURE(time, tobj, tobj->vtm.wday != VTM_WDAY_INITVAL);
        return INT2FIX((int)tobj->vtm.wday);
    }

wednesday? → true or false click to toggle source

Returns `true` if time represents Wednesday.

    t = Time.local(1993, 2, 24)      #=> 1993-02-24 00:00:00 -0600
    t.wednesday?                     #=> true

    static VALUE
    time_wednesday(VALUE time)
    {
        wday_p(3);
    }

xmlschema(fraction_digits=0) click to toggle source

Returns a string which represents the time as a dateTime defined by XML Schema:

    CCYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ssTZD
    CCYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss.sssTZD

where TZD is Z or [+-]hh:mm.

If self is a UTC time, Z is used as TZD. [+-]hh:mm is used otherwise.

`fractional_digits` specifies a number of digits to use for fractional seconds. Its default value is 0.

    require 'time'

    t = Time.now
    t.iso8601  # => "2011-10-05T22:26:12-04:00"

You must require 'time' to use this method.

    # File lib/time.rb, line 735
    def xmlschema(fraction_digits=0)
      fraction_digits = fraction_digits.to_i
      s = strftime("%FT%T")
      if fraction_digits > 0
        s << strftime(".%#{fraction_digits}N")
      end
      s << (utc? ? 'Z' : strftime("%:z"))
    end

Also aliased as: iso8601
yday → integer click to toggle source

Returns an integer representing the day of the year, 1..366.

    t = Time.now   #=> 2007-11-19 08:32:31 -0600
    t.yday         #=> 323

    static VALUE
    time_yday(VALUE time)
    {
        struct time_object *tobj;

        GetTimeval(time, tobj);
        MAKE_TM_ENSURE(time, tobj, tobj->vtm.yday != 0);
        return INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.yday);
    }

year → integer click to toggle source

Returns the year for time (including the century).

    t = Time.now   #=> 2007-11-19 08:27:51 -0600
    t.year         #=> 2007

    static VALUE
    time_year(VALUE time)
    {
        struct time_object *tobj;

        GetTimeval(time, tobj);
        MAKE_TM(time, tobj);
        return tobj->vtm.year;
    }

zone → string or timezone click to toggle source

Returns the name of the time zone used for time. As of Ruby 1.8, returns “UTC'' rather than “GMT'' for UTC times.

    t = Time.gm(2000, "jan", 1, 20, 15, 1)
    t.zone   #=> "UTC"
    t = Time.local(2000, "jan", 1, 20, 15, 1)
    t.zone   #=> "CST"

    static VALUE
    time_zone(VALUE time)
    {
        struct time_object *tobj;
        VALUE zone;

        GetTimeval(time, tobj);
        MAKE_TM(time, tobj);

        if (TZMODE_UTC_P(tobj)) {
            return rb_usascii_str_new_cstr("UTC");
        }
        zone = tobj->vtm.zone;
        if (NIL_P(zone))
            return Qnil;

        if (RB_TYPE_P(zone, T_STRING))
            zone = rb_str_dup(zone);
        return zone;
    }