# class Pathname

Pathname represents the name of a file or directory on the filesystem, but not the file itself.

The pathname depends on the Operating System: Unix, Windows, etc. This library works with pathnames of local OS, however non-Unix pathnames are supported experimentally.

A Pathname can be relative or absolute. It's not until you try to reference the file that it even matters whether the file exists or not.

Pathname is immutable. It has no method for destructive update.

The goal of this class is to manipulate file path information in a neater way than standard Ruby provides. The examples below demonstrate the difference.

All functionality from File, FileTest, and some from Dir and FileUtils is included, in an unsurprising way. It is essentially a facade for all of these, and more.

## Examples¶ ↑

### Example 1: Using Pathname¶ ↑

    require 'pathname'
    pn = Pathname.new("/usr/bin/ruby")
    size = pn.size              # 27662
    isdir = pn.directory?       # false
    dir  = pn.dirname           # Pathname:/usr/bin
    base = pn.basename          # Pathname:ruby
    dir, base = pn.split        # [Pathname:/usr/bin, Pathname:ruby]
    data = pn.read
    pn.open { |f| _ }
    pn.each_line { |line| _ }

### Example 2: Using standard Ruby¶ ↑

    pn = "/usr/bin/ruby"
    size = File.size(pn)        # 27662
    isdir = File.directory?(pn) # false
    dir  = File.dirname(pn)     # "/usr/bin"
    base = File.basename(pn)    # "ruby"
    dir, base = File.split(pn)  # ["/usr/bin", "ruby"]
    data = File.read(pn)
    File.open(pn) { |f| _ }
    File.foreach(pn) { |line| _ }

### Example 3: Special features¶ ↑

    p1 = Pathname.new("/usr/lib")   # Pathname:/usr/lib
    p2 = p1 + "ruby/1.8"            # Pathname:/usr/lib/ruby/1.8
    p3 = p1.parent                  # Pathname:/usr
    p4 = p2.relative_path_from(p3)  # Pathname:lib/ruby/1.8
    pwd = Pathname.pwd              # Pathname:/home/gavin
    pwd.absolute?                   # true
    p5 = Pathname.new "."           # Pathname:.
    p5 = p5 + "music/../articles"   # Pathname:music/../articles
    p5.cleanpath                    # Pathname:articles
    p5.realpath                     # Pathname:/home/gavin/articles
    p5.children                     # [Pathname:/home/gavin/articles/linux, ...]

## Breakdown of functionality¶ ↑

### Core methods¶ ↑

These methods are effectively manipulating a String, because that's all a path is. None of these access the file system except for mountpoint?, children, each_child, realdirpath and realpath.

- +

- join

- parent

- root?

- absolute?

- relative?

- relative_path_from

- each_filename

- cleanpath

- realpath

- realdirpath

- children

- each_child

- mountpoint?

### File status predicate methods¶ ↑

These methods are a facade for FileTest:

- blockdev?

- chardev?

- directory?

- executable?

- executable_real?

- exist?

- file?

- grpowned?

- owned?

- pipe?

- readable?

- world_readable?

- readable_real?

- setgid?

- setuid?

- size

- size?

- socket?

- sticky?

- symlink?

- writable?

- world_writable?

- writable_real?

- zero?

### File property and manipulation methods¶ ↑

These methods are a facade for File:

- atime

- birthtime

- ctime

- mtime

- chmod(mode)

- lchmod(mode)

- chown(owner, group)

- lchown(owner, group)

- fnmatch(pattern, *args)

- fnmatch?(pattern, *args)

- ftype

- make_link(old)

- open(*args, &block)

- readlink

- rename(to)

- stat

- lstat

- make_symlink(old)

- truncate(length)

- utime(atime, mtime)

- basename(*args)

- dirname

- extname

- expand_path(*args)

- split

### Directory methods¶ ↑

These methods are a facade for Dir:

- ::glob

- ::getwd / ::pwd

- rmdir

- entries

- each_entry(&block)

- mkdir(*args)

- opendir(*args)

### IO¶ ↑

These methods are a facade for IO:

- each_line(*args, &block)

- read(*args)

- binread(*args)

- readlines(*args)

- sysopen(*args)

### Utilities¶ ↑

These methods are a mixture of Find, FileUtils, and others:

- find(&block)

- mkpath

- rmtree

- unlink / delete

## Method documentation¶ ↑

As the above section shows, most of the methods in Pathname are facades. The documentation for these methods generally just says, for instance, “See FileTest#writable?”, as you should be familiar with the original method anyway, and its documentation (e.g. through `ri`) will contain more information. In some cases, a brief description will follow.

### Public Class Methods

getwd() click to toggle source

Returns the current working directory as a Pathname.

    Pathname.getwd
        #=> #<Pathname:/home/zzak/projects/ruby>

See Dir.getwd.

    static VALUE
    path_s_getwd(VALUE klass)
    {
        VALUE str;
        str = rb_funcall(rb_cDir, id_getwd, 0);
        return rb_class_new_instance(1, &str, klass);
    }

glob(p1, p2 = v2) click to toggle source

Returns or yields Pathname objects.

    Pathname.glob("lib/i*.rb")
        #=> [#<Pathname:lib/ipaddr.rb>, #<Pathname:lib/irb.rb>]

See Dir.glob.

    static VALUE
    path_s_glob(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
    {
        VALUE args[2];
        int n;

        n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &args[0], &args[1]);
        if (rb_block_given_p()) {
            return rb_block_call(rb_cDir, id_glob, n, args, s_glob_i, klass);
        }
        else {
            VALUE ary;
            long i;
            ary = rb_funcallv(rb_cDir, id_glob, n, args);
            ary = rb_convert_type(ary, T_ARRAY, "Array", "to_ary");
            for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
                VALUE elt = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
                elt = rb_class_new_instance(1, &elt, klass);
                rb_ary_store(ary, i, elt);
            }
            return ary;
        }
    }

new(p1) click to toggle source

Create a Pathname object from the given String (or String-like object). If `path` contains a NULL character (`\0`), an ArgumentError is raised.

    static VALUE
    path_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
    {
        VALUE str;
        if (RB_TYPE_P(arg, T_STRING)) {
            str = arg;
        }
        else {
            str = rb_check_funcall(arg, id_to_path, 0, NULL);
            if (str == Qundef)
                str = arg;
            StringValue(str);
        }
        if (memchr(RSTRING_PTR(str), '\0', RSTRING_LEN(str)))
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "pathname contains null byte");
        str = rb_obj_dup(str);

        set_strpath(self, str);
        OBJ_INFECT(self, str);
        return self;
    }

pwd() click to toggle source

Returns the current working directory as a Pathname.

    Pathname.getwd
        #=> #<Pathname:/home/zzak/projects/ruby>

See Dir.getwd.

    static VALUE
    path_s_getwd(VALUE klass)
    {
        VALUE str;
        str = rb_funcall(rb_cDir, id_getwd, 0);
        return rb_class_new_instance(1, &str, klass);
    }

### Public Instance Methods

+(other) click to toggle source

Appends a pathname fragment to `self` to produce a new Pathname object.

    p1 = Pathname.new("/usr")      # Pathname:/usr
    p2 = p1 + "bin/ruby"           # Pathname:/usr/bin/ruby
    p3 = p1 + "/etc/passwd"        # Pathname:/etc/passwd

    # / is aliased to +.
    p4 = p1 / "bin/ruby"           # Pathname:/usr/bin/ruby
    p5 = p1 / "/etc/passwd"        # Pathname:/etc/passwd

This method doesn't access the file system; it is pure string manipulation.

    # File ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb, line 349
    def +(other)
      other = Pathname.new(other) unless Pathname === other
      Pathname.new(plus(@path, other.to_s))
    end

Also aliased as: /
/(other)
Alias for: +
<=>(p1) click to toggle source

Provides a case-sensitive comparison operator for pathnames.

    Pathname.new('/usr') <=> Pathname.new('/usr/bin')
        #=> -1
    Pathname.new('/usr/bin') <=> Pathname.new('/usr/bin')
        #=> 0
    Pathname.new('/usr/bin') <=> Pathname.new('/USR/BIN')
        #=> 1

It will return `-1`, `0` or `1` depending on the value of the left argument relative to the right argument. Or it will return `nil` if the arguments are not comparable.

    static VALUE
    path_cmp(VALUE self, VALUE other)
    {
        VALUE s1, s2;
        char *p1, *p2;
        char *e1, *e2;
        if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, rb_cPathname))
            return Qnil;
        s1 = get_strpath(self);
        s2 = get_strpath(other);
        p1 = RSTRING_PTR(s1);
        p2 = RSTRING_PTR(s2);
        e1 = p1 + RSTRING_LEN(s1);
        e2 = p2 + RSTRING_LEN(s2);
        while (p1 < e1 && p2 < e2) {
            int c1, c2;
            c1 = (unsigned char)*p1++;
            c2 = (unsigned char)*p2++;
            if (c1 == '/') c1 = '\0';
            if (c2 == '/') c2 = '\0';
            if (c1 != c2) {
                if (c1 < c2)
                    return INT2FIX(-1);
                else
                    return INT2FIX(1);
            }
        }
        if (p1 < e1)
            return INT2FIX(1);
        if (p2 < e2)
            return INT2FIX(-1);
        return INT2FIX(0);
    }

==(p1) click to toggle source

Compare this pathname with `other`. The comparison is string-based. Be aware that two different paths (`foo.txt` and `./foo.txt`) can refer to the same file.

    static VALUE
    path_eq(VALUE self, VALUE other)
    {
        if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, rb_cPathname))
            return Qfalse;
        return rb_str_equal(get_strpath(self), get_strpath(other));
    }

===(p1) click to toggle source

Compare this pathname with `other`. The comparison is string-based. Be aware that two different paths (`foo.txt` and `./foo.txt`) can refer to the same file.

    static VALUE
    path_eq(VALUE self, VALUE other)
    {
        if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, rb_cPathname))
            return Qfalse;
        return rb_str_equal(get_strpath(self), get_strpath(other));
    }

absolute?() click to toggle source

Predicate method for testing whether a path is absolute.

It returns `true` if the pathname begins with a slash.

    p = Pathname.new('/im/sure')
    p.absolute?
        #=> true

    p = Pathname.new('not/so/sure')
    p.absolute?
        #=> false

    # File ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb, line 224
    def absolute?
      !relative?
    end

ascend() { |self| ... } click to toggle source

Iterates over and yields a new Pathname object for each element in the given path in ascending order.

    Pathname.new('/path/to/some/file.rb').ascend {|v| p v}
       #<Pathname:/path/to/some/file.rb>
       #<Pathname:/path/to/some>
       #<Pathname:/path/to>
       #<Pathname:/path>
       #<Pathname:/>

    Pathname.new('path/to/some/file.rb').ascend {|v| p v}
       #<Pathname:path/to/some/file.rb>
       #<Pathname:path/to/some>
       #<Pathname:path/to>
       #<Pathname:path>

Returns an Enumerator if no block was given.

    enum = Pathname.new("/usr/bin/ruby").ascend
      # ... do stuff ...
    enum.each { |e| ... }
      # yields Pathnames /usr/bin/ruby, /usr/bin, /usr, and /.

It doesn't access the filesystem.

    # File ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb, line 325
    def ascend
      return to_enum(__method__) unless block_given?
      path = @path
      yield self
      while r = chop_basename(path)
        path, = r
        break if path.empty?
        yield self.class.new(del_trailing_separator(path))
      end
    end

atime → time click to toggle source

Returns the last access time for the file.

See File.atime.

    static VALUE
    path_atime(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_atime, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

basename(p1 = v1) click to toggle source

Returns the last component of the path.

See File.basename.

    static VALUE
    path_basename(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
    {
        VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
        VALUE fext;
        if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &fext) == 0)
            str = rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_basename, 1, str);
        else
            str = rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_basename, 2, str, fext);
        return rb_class_new_instance(1, &str, rb_obj_class(self));
    }

binread([length [, offset]]) → string click to toggle source

Returns all the bytes from the file, or the first `N` if specified.

See IO.binread.

    static VALUE
    path_binread(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
    {
        VALUE args[3];
        int n;

        args[0] = get_strpath(self);
        n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &args[1], &args[2]);
        return rb_funcallv(rb_cIO, id_binread, 1+n, args);
    }

binwrite(string, [offset] ) → fixnum click to toggle source
binwrite(string, [offset], open_args ) → fixnum

Writes `contents` to the file, opening it in binary mode.

See IO.binwrite.

    static VALUE
    path_binwrite(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
    {
        VALUE args[4];
        int n;

        args[0] = get_strpath(self);
        n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "03", &args[1], &args[2], &args[3]);
        return rb_funcallv(rb_cIO, id_binwrite, 1+n, args);
    }

birthtime → time click to toggle source

Returns the birth time for the file. If the platform doesn't have birthtime, raises NotImplementedError.

See File.birthtime.

    static VALUE
    path_birthtime(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_birthtime, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

blockdev?() click to toggle source

See FileTest#blockdev?.

    static VALUE
    path_blockdev_p(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_blockdev_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

chardev?() click to toggle source

See FileTest#chardev?.

    static VALUE
    path_chardev_p(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_chardev_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

children(with_directory=true) click to toggle source

Returns the children of the directory (files and subdirectories, not recursive) as an array of Pathname objects.

By default, the returned pathnames will have enough information to access the files. If you set `with_directory` to `false`, then the returned pathnames will contain the filename only.

For example:

    pn = Pathname("/usr/lib/ruby/1.8")
    pn.children
        # -> [ Pathname:/usr/lib/ruby/1.8/English.rb,
               Pathname:/usr/lib/ruby/1.8/Env.rb,
               Pathname:/usr/lib/ruby/1.8/abbrev.rb, ... ]
    pn.children(false)
        # -> [ Pathname:English.rb, Pathname:Env.rb, Pathname:abbrev.rb, ... ]

Note that the results never contain the entries `.` and `..` in the directory because they are not children.

    # File ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb, line 440
    def children(with_directory=true)
      with_directory = false if @path == '.'
      result = []
      Dir.foreach(@path) {|e|
        next if e == '.' || e == '..'
        if with_directory
          result << self.class.new(File.join(@path, e))
        else
          result << self.class.new(e)
        end
      }
      result
    end

chmod → integer click to toggle source

Changes file permissions.

See File.chmod.

    static VALUE
    path_chmod(VALUE self, VALUE mode)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_chmod, 2, mode, get_strpath(self));
    }

chown → integer click to toggle source

Change owner and group of the file.

See File.chown.

    static VALUE
    path_chown(VALUE self, VALUE owner, VALUE group)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_chown, 3, owner, group, get_strpath(self));
    }

cleanpath(consider_symlink=false) click to toggle source

Returns clean pathname of `self` with consecutive slashes and useless dots removed. The filesystem is not accessed.

If `consider_symlink` is `true`, then a more conservative algorithm is used to avoid breaking symbolic linkages. This may retain more `..` entries than absolutely necessary, but without accessing the filesystem, this can't be avoided.

See #realpath.

    # File ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb, line 84
    def cleanpath(consider_symlink=false)
      if consider_symlink
        cleanpath_conservative
      else
        cleanpath_aggressive
      end
    end

ctime → time click to toggle source

Returns the last change time, using directory information, not the file itself.

See File.ctime.

    static VALUE
    path_ctime(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_ctime, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

delete() click to toggle source

Removes a file or directory, using File.unlink if `self` is a file, or Dir.unlink as necessary.

    static VALUE
    path_unlink(VALUE self)
    {
        VALUE eENOTDIR = rb_const_get_at(rb_mErrno, id_ENOTDIR);
        VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
        return rb_rescue2(unlink_body, str, unlink_rescue, str, eENOTDIR, (VALUE)0);
    }

descend() { |v| ... } click to toggle source

Iterates over and yields a new Pathname object for each element in the given path in descending order.

    Pathname.new('/path/to/some/file.rb').descend {|v| p v}
       #<Pathname:/>
       #<Pathname:/path>
       #<Pathname:/path/to>
       #<Pathname:/path/to/some>
       #<Pathname:/path/to/some/file.rb>

    Pathname.new('path/to/some/file.rb').descend {|v| p v}
       #<Pathname:path>
       #<Pathname:path/to>
       #<Pathname:path/to/some>
       #<Pathname:path/to/some/file.rb>

Returns an Enumerator if no block was given.

    enum = Pathname.new("/usr/bin/ruby").descend
      # ... do stuff ...
    enum.each { |e| ... }
      # yields Pathnames /, /usr, /usr/bin, and /usr/bin/ruby.

It doesn't access the filesystem.

    # File ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb, line 292
    def descend
      return to_enum(__method__) unless block_given?
      vs = []
      ascend {|v| vs << v }
      vs.reverse_each {|v| yield v }
      nil
    end

directory?() click to toggle source

See FileTest#directory?.

    static VALUE
    path_directory_p(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_directory_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

dirname() click to toggle source

Returns all but the last component of the path.

See File.dirname.

    static VALUE
    path_dirname(VALUE self)
    {
        VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
        str = rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_dirname, 1, str);
        return rb_class_new_instance(1, &str, rb_obj_class(self));
    }

each_child(with_directory=true, &b) click to toggle source

Iterates over the children of the directory (files and subdirectories, not recursive).

It yields Pathname object for each child.

By default, the yielded pathnames will have enough information to access the files.

If you set `with_directory` to `false`, then the returned pathnames will contain the filename only.

    Pathname("/usr/local").each_child {|f| p f }
    #=> #<Pathname:/usr/local/share>
    #   #<Pathname:/usr/local/bin>
    #   #<Pathname:/usr/local/games>
    #   #<Pathname:/usr/local/lib>
    #   #<Pathname:/usr/local/include>
    #   #<Pathname:/usr/local/sbin>
    #   #<Pathname:/usr/local/src>
    #   #<Pathname:/usr/local/man>

    Pathname("/usr/local").each_child(false) {|f| p f }
    #=> #<Pathname:share>
    #   #<Pathname:bin>
    #   #<Pathname:games>
    #   #<Pathname:lib>
    #   #<Pathname:include>
    #   #<Pathname:sbin>
    #   #<Pathname:src>
    #   #<Pathname:man>

Note that the results never contain the entries `.` and `..` in the directory because they are not children.

See #children

    # File ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb, line 490
    def each_child(with_directory=true, &b)
      children(with_directory).each(&b)
    end

each_entry() click to toggle source

Iterates over the entries (files and subdirectories) in the directory, yielding a Pathname object for each entry.

    static VALUE
    path_each_entry(VALUE self)
    {
        VALUE args[1];

        args[0] = get_strpath(self);
        return rb_block_call(rb_cDir, id_foreach, 1, args, each_entry_i, rb_obj_class(self));
    }

each_filename() { |filename| ... } click to toggle source

Iterates over each component of the path.

    Pathname.new("/usr/bin/ruby").each_filename {|filename| ... }
      # yields "usr", "bin", and "ruby".

Returns an Enumerator if no block was given.

    enum = Pathname.new("/usr/bin/ruby").each_filename
      # ... do stuff ...
    enum.each { |e| ... }
      # yields "usr", "bin", and "ruby".

    # File ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb, line 260
    def each_filename # :yield: filename
      return to_enum(__method__) unless block_given?
      _, names = split_names(@path)
      names.each {|filename| yield filename }
      nil
    end

each_line {|line| ... } click to toggle source
each_line(sep=$/ [, open_args]) {|line| block } → nil
each_line(limit [, open_args]) {|line| block } → nil
each_line(sep, limit [, open_args]) {|line| block } → nil
each_line(...) → an_enumerator

Iterates over each line in the file and yields a String object for each.

    static VALUE
    path_each_line(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
    {
        VALUE args[4];
        int n;

        args[0] = get_strpath(self);
        n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "03", &args[1], &args[2], &args[3]);
        if (rb_block_given_p()) {
            return rb_block_call(rb_cIO, id_foreach, 1+n, args, 0, 0);
        }
        else {
            return rb_funcallv(rb_cIO, id_foreach, 1+n, args);
        }
    }

empty?() click to toggle source

Tests the file is empty.

See Dir#empty? and FileTest#empty?.

    static VALUE
    path_empty_p(VALUE self)
    {

        VALUE path = get_strpath(self);
        if (RTEST(rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_directory_p, 1, path)))
            return rb_funcall(rb_cDir, id_empty_p, 1, path);
        else
            return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_empty_p, 1, path);
    }

entries() click to toggle source

Return the entries (files and subdirectories) in the directory, each as a Pathname object.

The results contains just the names in the directory, without any trailing slashes or recursive look-up.

    pp Pathname.new('/usr/local').entries
    #=> [#<Pathname:share>,
    #    #<Pathname:lib>,
    #    #<Pathname:..>,
    #    #<Pathname:include>,
    #    #<Pathname:etc>,
    #    #<Pathname:bin>,
    #    #<Pathname:man>,
    #    #<Pathname:games>,
    #    #<Pathname:.>,
    #    #<Pathname:sbin>,
    #    #<Pathname:src>]

The result may contain the current directory `#<Pathname:.>` and the parent directory `#<Pathname:..>`.

If you don't want `.` and `..` and want directories, consider #children.

    static VALUE
    path_entries(VALUE self)
    {
        VALUE klass, str, ary;
        long i;
        klass = rb_obj_class(self);
        str = get_strpath(self);
        ary = rb_funcall(rb_cDir, id_entries, 1, str);
        ary = rb_convert_type(ary, T_ARRAY, "Array", "to_ary");
        for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
            VALUE elt = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
            elt = rb_class_new_instance(1, &elt, klass);
            rb_ary_store(ary, i, elt);
        }
        return ary;
    }

eql?(p1) click to toggle source

Compare this pathname with `other`. The comparison is string-based. Be aware that two different paths (`foo.txt` and `./foo.txt`) can refer to the same file.

    static VALUE
    path_eq(VALUE self, VALUE other)
    {
        if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, rb_cPathname))
            return Qfalse;
        return rb_str_equal(get_strpath(self), get_strpath(other));
    }

executable?() click to toggle source

See FileTest#executable?.

    static VALUE
    path_executable_p(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_executable_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

executable_real?() click to toggle source

See FileTest#executable_real?.

    static VALUE
    path_executable_real_p(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_executable_real_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

exist?() click to toggle source

See FileTest#exist?.

    static VALUE
    path_exist_p(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_exist_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

expand_path(p1 = v1) click to toggle source

Returns the absolute path for the file.

See File.expand_path.

    static VALUE
    path_expand_path(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
    {
        VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
        VALUE dname;
        if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &dname) == 0)
            str = rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_expand_path, 1, str);
        else
            str = rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_expand_path, 2, str, dname);
        return rb_class_new_instance(1, &str, rb_obj_class(self));
    }

extname() click to toggle source

Returns the file's extension.

See File.extname.

    static VALUE
    path_extname(VALUE self)
    {
        VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
        return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_extname, 1, str);
    }

file?() click to toggle source

See FileTest#file?.

    static VALUE
    path_file_p(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_file_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

find(ignore_error: true) { |pathname| ... } click to toggle source

Iterates over the directory tree in a depth first manner, yielding a Pathname for each file under “this” directory.

Returns an Enumerator if no block is given.

Since it is implemented by the standard library module Find, Find#prune can be used to control the traversal.

If `self` is `.`, yielded pathnames begin with a filename in the current directory, not `./`.

See Find#find

    # File ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb, line 558
    def find(ignore_error: true) # :yield: pathname
      return to_enum(__method__, ignore_error: ignore_error) unless block_given?
      require 'find'
      if @path == '.'
        Find.find(@path, ignore_error: ignore_error) {|f| yield self.class.new(f.sub(%r{\A\./}, '')) }
      else
        Find.find(@path, ignore_error: ignore_error) {|f| yield self.class.new(f) }
      end
    end

fnmatch(pattern, [flags]) → string click to toggle source
fnmatch?(pattern, [flags]) → string

Return `true` if the receiver matches the given pattern.

See File.fnmatch.

    static VALUE
    path_fnmatch(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
    {
        VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
        VALUE pattern, flags;
        if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &pattern, &flags) == 1)
            return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_fnmatch, 2, pattern, str);
        else
            return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_fnmatch, 3, pattern, str, flags);
    }

fnmatch?(pattern, [flags]) → string click to toggle source

Return `true` if the receiver matches the given pattern.

See File.fnmatch.

    static VALUE
    path_fnmatch(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
    {
        VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
        VALUE pattern, flags;
        if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &pattern, &flags) == 1)
            return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_fnmatch, 2, pattern, str);
        else
            return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_fnmatch, 3, pattern, str, flags);
    }

freeze → obj click to toggle source

Freezes this Pathname.

See Object#freeze.

    static VALUE
    path_freeze(VALUE self)
    {
        rb_call_super(0, 0);
        rb_str_freeze(get_strpath(self));
        return self;
    }

ftype → string click to toggle source

Returns “type” of file (“file”, “directory”, etc).

See File.ftype.

    static VALUE
    path_ftype(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_ftype, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

glob(p1, p2 = v2) click to toggle source

Returns or yields Pathname objects.

    Pathname("ruby-2.4.2").glob("R*.md")
    #=> [#<Pathname:ruby-2.4.2/README.md>, #<Pathname:ruby-2.4.2/README.ja.md>]

See Dir.glob. This method uses the `base` keyword argument of Dir.glob.

    static VALUE
    path_glob(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
    {
        VALUE args[3];
        int n;

        n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &args[0], &args[1]);
        if (n == 1)
          args[1] = INT2FIX(0);

        args[2] = rb_hash_new();
        rb_hash_aset(args[2], ID2SYM(id_base), get_strpath(self));

        n = 3;

        if (rb_block_given_p()) {
            return rb_block_call(rb_cDir, id_glob, n, args, glob_i, self);
        }
        else {
            VALUE ary;
            long i;
            ary = rb_funcallv(rb_cDir, id_glob, n, args);
            ary = rb_convert_type(ary, T_ARRAY, "Array", "to_ary");
            for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
                VALUE elt = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
                elt = rb_funcall(self, '+', 1, elt);
                rb_ary_store(ary, i, elt);
            }
            return ary;
        }
    }

grpowned?() click to toggle source

See FileTest#grpowned?.

    static VALUE
    path_grpowned_p(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_grpowned_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

join(*args) click to toggle source

Joins the given pathnames onto `self` to create a new Pathname object.

    path0 = Pathname.new("/usr")                # Pathname:/usr
    path0 = path0.join("bin/ruby")              # Pathname:/usr/bin/ruby
        # is the same as
    path1 = Pathname.new("/usr") + "bin/ruby"   # Pathname:/usr/bin/ruby
    path0 == path1
        #=> true

    # File ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb, line 407
    def join(*args)
      return self if args.empty?
      result = args.pop
      result = Pathname.new(result) unless Pathname === result
      return result if result.absolute?
      args.reverse_each {|arg|
        arg = Pathname.new(arg) unless Pathname === arg
        result = arg + result
        return result if result.absolute?
      }
      self + result
    end

lchmod → integer click to toggle source

Same as #chmod, but does not follow symbolic links.

See File.lchmod.

    static VALUE
    path_lchmod(VALUE self, VALUE mode)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_lchmod, 2, mode, get_strpath(self));
    }

lchown → integer click to toggle source

Same as #chown, but does not follow symbolic links.

See File.lchown.

    static VALUE
    path_lchown(VALUE self, VALUE owner, VALUE group)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_lchown, 3, owner, group, get_strpath(self));
    }

lstat() click to toggle source

See File.lstat.

    static VALUE
    path_lstat(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_lstat, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

make_link(old) click to toggle source

Creates a hard link at pathname.

See File.link.

    static VALUE
    path_make_link(VALUE self, VALUE old)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_link, 2, old, get_strpath(self));
    }

make_symlink(old) click to toggle source

Creates a symbolic link.

See File.symlink.

    static VALUE
    path_make_symlink(VALUE self, VALUE old)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_symlink, 2, old, get_strpath(self));
    }

mkdir(p1 = v1) click to toggle source

Create the referenced directory.

See Dir.mkdir.

    static VALUE
    path_mkdir(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
    {
        VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
        VALUE vmode;
        if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &vmode) == 0)
            return rb_funcall(rb_cDir, id_mkdir, 1, str);
        else
            return rb_funcall(rb_cDir, id_mkdir, 2, str, vmode);
    }

mkpath() click to toggle source

Creates a full path, including any intermediate directories that don't yet exist.

See FileUtils#mkpath and FileUtils#mkdir_p

    # File ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb, line 575
    def mkpath
      require 'fileutils'
      FileUtils.mkpath(@path)
      nil
    end

mountpoint?() click to toggle source

Returns `true` if `self` points to a mountpoint.

    # File ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb, line 191
    def mountpoint?
      begin
        stat1 = self.lstat
        stat2 = self.parent.lstat
        stat1.dev == stat2.dev && stat1.ino == stat2.ino ||
          stat1.dev != stat2.dev
      rescue Errno::ENOENT
        false
      end
    end

mtime → time click to toggle source

Returns the last modified time of the file.

See File.mtime.

    static VALUE
    path_mtime(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_mtime, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

open(p1 = v1, p2 = v2, p3 = v3) click to toggle source

Opens the file for reading or writing.

See File.open.

    static VALUE
    path_open(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
    {
        VALUE args[4];
        int n;

        args[0] = get_strpath(self);
        n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "03", &args[1], &args[2], &args[3]);
        if (rb_block_given_p()) {
            return rb_block_call(rb_cFile, id_open, 1+n, args, 0, 0);
        }
        else {
            return rb_funcallv(rb_cFile, id_open, 1+n, args);
        }
    }

opendir() click to toggle source

Opens the referenced directory.

See Dir.open.

    static VALUE
    path_opendir(VALUE self)
    {
        VALUE args[1];

        args[0] = get_strpath(self);
        return rb_block_call(rb_cDir, id_open, 1, args, 0, 0);
    }

owned?() click to toggle source

See FileTest#owned?.

    static VALUE
    path_owned_p(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_owned_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

parent() click to toggle source

Returns the parent directory.

This is same as `self + '..'`.

    # File ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb, line 186
    def parent
      self + '..'
    end

pipe?() click to toggle source

See FileTest#pipe?.

    static VALUE
    path_pipe_p(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_pipe_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

read([length [, offset]]) → string click to toggle source
read([length [, offset]], open_args) → string

Returns all data from the file, or the first `N` bytes if specified.

See IO.read.

    static VALUE
    path_read(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
    {
        VALUE args[4];
        int n;

        args[0] = get_strpath(self);
        n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "03", &args[1], &args[2], &args[3]);
        return rb_funcallv(rb_cIO, id_read, 1+n, args);
    }

readable?() click to toggle source

See FileTest#readable?.

    static VALUE
    path_readable_p(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_readable_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

readable_real?() click to toggle source

See FileTest#readable_real?.

    static VALUE
    path_readable_real_p(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_readable_real_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

readlines(sep=$/ [, open_args]) → array click to toggle source
readlines(limit [, open_args]) → array
readlines(sep, limit [, open_args]) → array

Returns all the lines from the file.

See IO.readlines.

    static VALUE
    path_readlines(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
    {
        VALUE args[4];
        int n;

        args[0] = get_strpath(self);
        n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "03", &args[1], &args[2], &args[3]);
        return rb_funcallv(rb_cIO, id_readlines, 1+n, args);
    }

readlink() click to toggle source

Read symbolic link.

See File.readlink.

    static VALUE
    path_readlink(VALUE self)
    {
        VALUE str;
        str = rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_readlink, 1, get_strpath(self));
        return rb_class_new_instance(1, &str, rb_obj_class(self));
    }

realdirpath(p1 = v1) click to toggle source

Returns the real (absolute) pathname of `self` in the actual filesystem.

Does not contain symlinks or useless dots, `..` and `.`.

The last component of the real pathname can be nonexistent.

    static VALUE
    path_realdirpath(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
    {
        VALUE basedir, str;
        rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &basedir);
        str = rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_realdirpath, 2, get_strpath(self), basedir);
        return rb_class_new_instance(1, &str, rb_obj_class(self));
    }

realpath(p1 = v1) click to toggle source

Returns the real (absolute) pathname for `self` in the actual filesystem.

Does not contain symlinks or useless dots, `..` and `.`.

All components of the pathname must exist when this method is called.

    static VALUE
    path_realpath(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
    {
        VALUE basedir, str;
        rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &basedir);
        str = rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_realpath, 2, get_strpath(self), basedir);
        return rb_class_new_instance(1, &str, rb_obj_class(self));
    }

relative?() click to toggle source

The opposite of #absolute?

It returns `false` if the pathname begins with a slash.

    p = Pathname.new('/im/sure')
    p.relative?
        #=> false

    p = Pathname.new('not/so/sure')
    p.relative?
        #=> true

    # File ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb, line 239
    def relative?
      path = @path
      while r = chop_basename(path)
        path, = r
      end
      path == ''
    end

relative_path_from(base_directory) click to toggle source

Returns a relative path from the given `base_directory` to the receiver.

If `self` is absolute, then `base_directory` must be absolute too.

If `self` is relative, then `base_directory` must be relative too.

This method doesn't access the filesystem. It assumes no symlinks.

ArgumentError is raised when it cannot find a relative path.

    # File ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb, line 505
    def relative_path_from(base_directory)
      dest_directory = self.cleanpath.to_s
      base_directory = base_directory.cleanpath.to_s
      dest_prefix = dest_directory
      dest_names = []
      while r = chop_basename(dest_prefix)
        dest_prefix, basename = r
        dest_names.unshift basename if basename != '.'
      end
      base_prefix = base_directory
      base_names = []
      while r = chop_basename(base_prefix)
        base_prefix, basename = r
        base_names.unshift basename if basename != '.'
      end
      unless SAME_PATHS[dest_prefix, base_prefix]
        raise ArgumentError, "different prefix: #{dest_prefix.inspect} and #{base_directory.inspect}"
      end
      while !dest_names.empty? &&
            !base_names.empty? &&
            SAME_PATHS[dest_names.first, base_names.first]
        dest_names.shift
        base_names.shift
      end
      if base_names.include? '..'
        raise ArgumentError, "base_directory has ..: #{base_directory.inspect}"
      end
      base_names.fill('..')
      relpath_names = base_names + dest_names
      if relpath_names.empty?
        Pathname.new('.')
      else
        Pathname.new(File.join(*relpath_names))
      end
    end

rename(p1) click to toggle source

Rename the file.

See File.rename.

    static VALUE
    path_rename(VALUE self, VALUE to)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_rename, 2, get_strpath(self), to);
    }

rmdir() click to toggle source

Remove the referenced directory.

See Dir.rmdir.

    static VALUE
    path_rmdir(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_cDir, id_rmdir, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

rmtree() click to toggle source

Recursively deletes a directory, including all directories beneath it.

See FileUtils#rm_r

    # File ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb, line 584
    def rmtree
      # The name "rmtree" is borrowed from File::Path of Perl.
      # File::Path provides "mkpath" and "rmtree".
      require 'fileutils'
      FileUtils.rm_r(@path)
      nil
    end

root?() click to toggle source

Predicate method for root directories. Returns `true` if the pathname consists of consecutive slashes.

It doesn't access the filesystem. So it may return `false` for some pathnames which points to roots such as `/usr/..`.

    # File ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb, line 209
    def root?
      !!(chop_basename(@path) == nil && /#{SEPARATOR_PAT}/o =~ @path)
    end

setgid?() click to toggle source

See FileTest#setgid?.

    static VALUE
    path_setgid_p(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_setgid_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

setuid?() click to toggle source

See FileTest#setuid?.

    static VALUE
    path_setuid_p(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_setuid_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

size() click to toggle source

See FileTest#size.

    static VALUE
    path_size(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_size, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

size?() click to toggle source

See FileTest#size?.

    static VALUE
    path_size_p(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_size_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

socket?() click to toggle source

See FileTest#socket?.

    static VALUE
    path_socket_p(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_socket_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

split() click to toggle source

Returns the dirname and the basename in an Array.

See File.split.

    static VALUE
    path_split(VALUE self)
    {
        VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
        VALUE ary, dirname, basename;
        ary = rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_split, 1, str);
        ary = rb_check_array_type(ary);
        dirname = rb_ary_entry(ary, 0);
        basename = rb_ary_entry(ary, 1);
        dirname = rb_class_new_instance(1, &dirname, rb_obj_class(self));
        basename = rb_class_new_instance(1, &basename, rb_obj_class(self));
        return rb_ary_new3(2, dirname, basename);
    }

stat() click to toggle source

Returns a File::Stat object.

See File.stat.

    static VALUE
    path_stat(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_stat, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

sticky?() click to toggle source

See FileTest#sticky?.

    static VALUE
    path_sticky_p(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_sticky_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

sub(*args) click to toggle source

Return a pathname which is substituted by String#sub.

    path1 = Pathname.new('/usr/bin/perl')
    path1.sub('perl', 'ruby')
        #=> #<Pathname:/usr/bin/ruby>

    static VALUE
    path_sub(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
    {
        VALUE str = get_strpath(self);

        if (rb_block_given_p()) {
            str = rb_block_call(str, id_sub, argc, argv, 0, 0);
        }
        else {
            str = rb_funcallv(str, id_sub, argc, argv);
        }
        return rb_class_new_instance(1, &str, rb_obj_class(self));
    }

sub_ext(p1) click to toggle source

Return a pathname with `repl` added as a suffix to the basename.

If self has no extension part, `repl` is appended.

    Pathname.new('/usr/bin/shutdown').sub_ext('.rb')
        #=> #<Pathname:/usr/bin/shutdown.rb>

    static VALUE
    path_sub_ext(VALUE self, VALUE repl)
    {
        VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
        VALUE str2;
        long extlen;
        const char *ext;
        const char *p;

        StringValue(repl);
        p = RSTRING_PTR(str);
        extlen = RSTRING_LEN(str);
        ext = ruby_enc_find_extname(p, &extlen, rb_enc_get(str));
        if (ext == NULL) {
            ext = p + RSTRING_LEN(str);
        }
        else if (extlen <= 1) {
            ext += extlen;
        }
        str2 = rb_str_subseq(str, 0, ext-p);
        rb_str_append(str2, repl);
        OBJ_INFECT(str2, str);
        return rb_class_new_instance(1, &str2, rb_obj_class(self));
    }

symlink?() click to toggle source

See FileTest#symlink?.

    static VALUE
    path_symlink_p(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_symlink_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

sysopen([mode, [perm]]) → fixnum click to toggle source

See IO.sysopen.

    static VALUE
    path_sysopen(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
    {
        VALUE args[3];
        int n;

        args[0] = get_strpath(self);
        n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &args[1], &args[2]);
        return rb_funcallv(rb_cIO, id_sysopen, 1+n, args);
    }

taint → obj click to toggle source

Taints this Pathname.

See Object#taint.

    static VALUE
    path_taint(VALUE self)
    {
        rb_call_super(0, 0);
        rb_obj_taint(get_strpath(self));
        return self;
    }

to_path → string click to toggle source

Return the path as a String.

#to_path is implemented so Pathname objects are usable with File.open, etc.

    static VALUE
    path_to_s(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_obj_dup(get_strpath(self));
    }

to_s → string click to toggle source

Return the path as a String.

#to_path is implemented so Pathname objects are usable with File.open, etc.

    static VALUE
    path_to_s(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_obj_dup(get_strpath(self));
    }

truncate(p1) click to toggle source

Truncates the file to `length` bytes.

See File.truncate.

    static VALUE
    path_truncate(VALUE self, VALUE length)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_truncate, 2, get_strpath(self), length);
    }

unlink() click to toggle source

Removes a file or directory, using File.unlink if `self` is a file, or Dir.unlink as necessary.

    static VALUE
    path_unlink(VALUE self)
    {
        VALUE eENOTDIR = rb_const_get_at(rb_mErrno, id_ENOTDIR);
        VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
        return rb_rescue2(unlink_body, str, unlink_rescue, str, eENOTDIR, (VALUE)0);
    }

untaint → obj click to toggle source

Untaints this Pathname.

See Object#untaint.

    static VALUE
    path_untaint(VALUE self)
    {
        rb_call_super(0, 0);
        rb_obj_untaint(get_strpath(self));
        return self;
    }

utime(p1, p2) click to toggle source

Update the access and modification times of the file.

See File.utime.

    static VALUE
    path_utime(VALUE self, VALUE atime, VALUE mtime)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_utime, 3, atime, mtime, get_strpath(self));
    }

world_readable?() click to toggle source

See FileTest#world_readable?.

    static VALUE
    path_world_readable_p(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_world_readable_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

world_writable?() click to toggle source

See FileTest#world_writable?.

    static VALUE
    path_world_writable_p(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_world_writable_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

writable?() click to toggle source

See FileTest#writable?.

    static VALUE
    path_writable_p(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_writable_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

writable_real?() click to toggle source

See FileTest#writable_real?.

    static VALUE
    path_writable_real_p(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_writable_real_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }

write(string, [offset] ) → fixnum click to toggle source
write(string, [offset], open_args ) → fixnum

Writes `contents` to the file.

See IO.write.

    static VALUE
    path_write(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
    {
        VALUE args[4];
        int n;

        args[0] = get_strpath(self);
        n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "03", &args[1], &args[2], &args[3]);
        return rb_funcallv(rb_cIO, id_write, 1+n, args);
    }

zero?() click to toggle source

See FileTest#zero?.

    static VALUE
    path_zero_p(VALUE self)
    {
        return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_zero_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
    }